Law Essay Example about Muslim Faith - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2506 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? A. Maria Haines has recently converted to the muslim faith and has now insisted on wearing the appropriate religious dress which requires Maria to wear clothing revealing only her eyes. Customers have refused to deal with her Maria is the sole Receptionist as BIS and they have told her that they will have to terminate her contract. If BIS decides to terminate Marias contract, then it is likely that she will commence proceeding against BIS for unfair dismissal, pursuant to section 94(1) of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (as amended). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Law Essay Example about Muslim Faith" essay for you Create order It is likely that the primary basis for her claim will be that her right to freedom of religion, under Article 9 of the Human Rights Act 1998, has been infringed by her employers decision to dismiss her for wearing her religious head veil. Article 9(1) of this Act provides that, â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in worship, teaching, practice and observance.† (Art. 9(1) HRA 1998) Maria will likely argue that in wearing a veil she is publically manifesting her religion in practice and observance. She may even try to rely upon the recent House of Lords decision in the case of R (Begum) v Governors of Denbigh High School [2006] UKHL 15 to support this argument. By virtue of section 98(1) of the Employment Rights Act 1996, the burden of proof will rest upon BIS to satisfy the Tribunal, on the balance of probabilities, that the dismissal was not unfair. Maria may also argue that BIS has unlawfully discriminated against her on grounds of her religion and belief, in accordance with regulation 3 of the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003. Her argument would likely be that, in dismissing her, BIS treated her â€Å"less favourably than [it] treats or would treat other persons.† (Reg. 3(1)(a) EE(RoB)R 2003) There are several aspects to this claim which present opportunities for BIS to mount a successful defence to these claims: The first argument that BIS might make is that the dismissal in question was not unfair, because the reason for her dismissal â€Å"relates to [her] capability†¦ for performing work of the kind which [she] was employed by BIS to do.† (s.98(2)(a) ERA 1996) There is clear evidence here that Maria could not continue as receptionist, because BISs customers refused to have any further dealings with her, due to her insistence on covering her face with a religious veil. BIS can argue that Marias rights under Article 9(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 are not absolute because they are qualified by Article 9(2) of that same Act, which provides that, â€Å"Freedom to manifest ones religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.† (Art. 9(2) HRA 1998) BIS can argue that its right to run an effective business is one of the rights against which Article 9 must be weighed and that this latter right must prevail. There is recent and good judicial authority for this proposition; namely, in the case of Copsey v WWB Devon Clays Ltd [2005] EWCA Civ 932 which applied the earlier case of Stedman v United Kingdom (1997) 23 E.H.R.R. CD 168. Mar ia might try to rebut this argument and distinguish these authorities on the basis that, in those cases, the employees in question refused to accept offers of alternative employment, although the success of this argument will depend upon whether or not it was viable for BIS to make such an offer in this case. In light of the fact that BIS is only a small company, it may well be the case that there did not, at the time of dismissal, exist any other vacancies for which Maria would have been suitably qualified. BIS might also try to argue, in light of the fact that Maria has only recently converted to Islam, that her religious beliefs are not sufficiently cogent, serious or important to warrant her reliance on Article 9 of the Human Rights Act 1998; while the success of this argument will fall on the Courts interpretation of the facts, there is judicial authority, at least at the European level, that lack of real or strong religious belief precludes the operation of Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights 1950 (Campbell and Cosans v United Kingdom (1982) 4 EHRR 293). A similar argument to this that BIS might try to rely upon is that Maria, in wearing a head veil, was not manifesting her religious beliefs, but was merely motivated to wear religious dress by those beliefs; again, there is judicial authority at the European level to support the validity of this argument (Arrowsmith v UK (1978) 3 EHRR 218). BIS can distinguish the decision handed down by the House of Lords in the case of R (Begum) v Governors of Denbigh High School [2006] UKHL 15 on the basis that this case concerned the treatment of a student in compulsory full-time education. Both Brooke LJ and Mummery LJ both explicitly declared in this case that the principles in operation were not the same as those applicable in the employment context (Sandberg, 2009:272). In regard to the argument that BISs dismissal constitutes discrimination under regulation 3 of the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003: BIS can argue that, in light of the reaction of its customers to Marias head veil, requiring her to remove the veil during working hours became a genuine and proportionate occupational requirement, in accordance with regulation 7(2) of the 2003 Regulations (Nairns, 2007:93). In conclusion, so long as BIS can satisfy the Court that it was not in a position to be able to offer Maria any alternative employment, where she would have been able to continue wearing her religious dress, then it is highly unlikely that any of Marias claims will be successful. B. Josie Rimson has been employed in BIS cafeteria to prepare staff meats. She has noticed that some of the meats and sauces are out of date, but, having raised the issue, was told: â€Å"Your job is to make the meals, just get on with it†. She has now heard that some staff are off sick with suspected food poisoning and she is afraid she will be blamed. Repeated complaints to Senior Managers at BIS have been rejected so now she has reported the problem to Bramley Council. An item on the matter has now appeared in the Bramley Gazette. BIS has decided to discipline her, and have warned that she may be dismissed. The main issue here is whether or not a dismissal of Josie by BIS would be deemed unfair under the Employment Rights Act 1996, as amended by the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998, an Act which inserted into the 1996 Act clause 103A, which provides that, â€Å"An employee who is dismissed shall be regarded for the purposes of this Part as unfairly dismissed if the reason (or, if more than one, the principal reason) for the dismissal is that the employee made a protected disclosure.† (s. 103A ERA 1996; s. 5 PIDA 1998) The term ‘protected disclosure is defined by sections 43A and 43B of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (as amended) as, â€Å"†¦any disclosure of information which, in the reasonable belief of the worker making the disclosure, tends to show one or more of the following— (†¦) (b) that a person has failed, is failing or is likely to fail to comply with any legal obligation to which he is subject, (†¦) (d) that the health or safety of any individual has been, is being or is likely to be endangered (†¦) (f) that information tending to show any matter falling within any one of the preceding paragraphs has been, is being or is likely to be deliberately concealed.† (s. 43A 43B ERA 1996) In the present case, it is reasonably clear, on the facts, that the reason Josie reported this matter to the Bramley Gazette was because she felt that her Senior Managers were trying to conceal or, at least, disregard the possibility that the instances of staff poisoning were the result of their consuming out of date food in the staff canteen, in which case section 43B(f) of the Employments Rights Act 1996 would likely be deemed satisfied. It may also be the case that Josie felt, in light of the despondence of BISs senior managers, that unless she reported this incident to the Bramley Gazette, the events giving rise to these incidences of food poisoning would repeat themselves in the future, in which case section 43B(d) of the Employments Rights Act 1996 would likely be deemed satisfied. If the Tribunal is satisfied (1) that Josie ‘reasonably believed that there had been malpractice on the part of her Senior Managers (Babula v Waltham Forest College [2007] EWCA Civ 174); and, (2) that Josies disclosure was the reason for her dismissal (Kuzel v Roche Products Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 380), then it is highly likely that Josie will be able to bring a successful claim against BIS for unfair dismissal. BIS might try to argue that Josie is being dismissed for gross negligence, in preparing staff meals using foods which were out of date , and that when the Senior Managers told her â€Å"Your job is to make the meals, just get on with it,† they were merely reminding her that it is within her job capacity to make decisions in regard to which food stuffs to use and which to discard. While this argument might have had some merit if Josies Senior Managers had commenced disciplinary proceedings afte r Josie admitted that the recent outbreak of food poisoning was potentially attributable to her having served out of date food stuffs in the staff canteen, the fact that such proceedings were only initiated after the article was published in the Bramley Gazette, renders this version of events highly improbable. C. Harriet Jameson has recently returned from sick leave following a serious car accident, which required her to have extensive surgery for major facial injuries. The surgery left her with very visible red scarring on her face. BIS has interviewed her and suggested removing her from her post as Manager of the company creche because the children of the employees have refused to attend: they have been having nightmares, and this is affecting attendance of the female employees at work. Harriet has refused her relocation to the personnel Department, claiming discrimination. The main issue which falls for determination here is whether or not Harriet, if dismissed from her position as Manager of the company crà ¨che, will be able to mount a successful claim against BIS for unfair dismissal. We have been told that Harriet is claiming that she is being discriminated against on the basis of her facial disfigurement. However, in order for this argument to have legal validity, it is necessary that Harriet can satisfy the Tribunal that her facial scarring qualifies her for protection under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. For the purposes of this Act, a ‘person with disability is defined as follows: â€Å"†¦ a person has a disability for the purposes of this Act if he has a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.† (s. 1(1) DDA 1995) While there is no doubt that Harriets purported disability is physical in nature, in order for her to argue that it is a qualifying impairment, she must satisfy the Tribunal that it is having substantial adverse effects, that those substantial adverse effects will likely remain for the long-term and that they affect her ability to carry out normal day-to-day functions or activities (Department for Work and Pensions, 2005:3). The Guidance issued by the Secretary of State on the definition of disability, pursuant to section 3 of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 confirms that, with some limited exceptions (e.g. for self-inflicted scarring, piercing or tattoos), bodily scarring or disfigurement will be deemed to have substantial adverse effects on a persons ability to undertake normal day-to-day activities (Department for Work and Pensions, 2005:6; Adams, 2008:375). To satisfy the ‘long-term criterion of the 1995 Act, the scarring must either have been present for 12 months or be likely to remain for that period (Adams, 2008:375). In this present case, while the s urgery was only recent, it seems likely, due to its severity, that the scarring will remain for at least this length of time. Having established that Harriet qualified for protection under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, it is now necessary to consider whether or not she has been discriminated against on the basis of her disability. ‘Discrimination is defined by section 5 of the 1995 Act: â€Å"For the purposes of this Part, an employer discriminates against a disabled person if— (a) for a reason which relates to the disabled persons disability, he treats him less favourably than he treats or would treat others to whom that reason does not or would not apply; and (b) he cannot show that the treatment in question is justified.† (s. 5(1) DDA 1995). While it is certainly the case that BIS has asked Harriet to accept a lateral move on the basis of her disability, BIS will seek to show that this did not constitute discrimination because it was not approp riate for her to remain working with children, in light of the effect that her disfigurement has had on them, in practice. In the opinion of this author, BIS has acted reasonably and proportionately in asking Harriet to relinquish her role as Manager of the company crà ¨che and to accept an alternative employment position in the company. As Adams (2008:367) argues, albeit in a slightly different context, â€Å"An employer†¦ may be justified in refusing to employ as a model for cosmetics someone who suffers from a disfiguring scarring†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In conclusion, if Harriet refuses to accept BISs offer of alternative employment, BIS will be entitled to terminate her contract, without fear of any legal repercussions under the Employment Rights Act 1996 or the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. References/ Bibliography The Employment Rights Act 1996. The Employment Rights Act 2002. The Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003. Stedman v United Kingdom (1997) 23 E.H.R.R. CD 168. The Human Rights Act 1998. Copsey v WWB Devon Clays Ltd [2005] EWCA Civ 932. The European Convention on Human Rights 1950. Campbell and Cosans v United Kingdom (1982) 4 EHRR 293. Arrowsmith v UK (1978) 3 EHRR 218. R (Begum) v Governors of Denbigh High School [2006] UKHL 15. Sandberg, R., 2009. The Changing Position of Religious Minorities in English Law: The Legacy of Begum. In RD Grillo (ed.), Legal Practice and Cultural Diversity, Ch. 14. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Nairns, J., 2007. Employment law for business students. 3rd edition. London: Pearson Education Publishing. The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998. Babula v Waltham Forest College [2007] EWCA Civ 174. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995. Kuzel v Roche Products Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 380. Department for Work and Pensions, 2005. Disability Discrimination Act consultation document: guidance on matters to be taken into account in determining questions relating to the definition of disability. London: The Stationary Office. Adams, A., (2008). Law for business students. 5th edition. London: Pearson Education Publishing.

Essay about Descartes First Meditation - 924 Words

Descartes#8217; first meditation, his main objective is to present three skeptical arguments to bring doubt upon what he considers his basic beliefs. Descartes believes this to be an intricate part of his complete epistemological argument. Descartes skeptical arguments are not intended to be a denial of his basic beliefs. On the contrary, he uses these arguments to help prove one of his main theses, which is the existence of God. One of the main premises that Descartes uses in his proof for the existence of God comes from the evil demon argument, which he proposed, in the first meditation. It is this evil demon argument, which will be the topic of the following discussion. The purpose of Descartes#8217; evil demon argument is to†¦show more content†¦Therefore meaning that the world that we live in, the external world, is non-existent and merely a mirage placed into our minds by an evil demon. Obviously, to any sane person, this would sound irrational, but this is the p ossible world that Descartes presents to establish doubt in his common beliefs, mainly his belief that there exists an external world. One of the questions that needs to be raised when discussing Descartes#8217; first meditation and his skeptical arguments is; is it possible to completely separate one#8217;s self from all their current beliefs? For this is what Descartes sets out to do in the first meditation. This question is highly relevant in terms of Descartes evil demon argument, for it appears no matter what, he is not able to separate himself from his belief in God. Descartes#8217; argument is not that the evil demon is replacing God, which would seem to be the logical view. Instead, Descartes says that the evil demon is coexisting with God. 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John Locke, Immanuel Kant, and countless other philosophers wrote largely in response to Descartes. Yet there are serious doubts related to the treatises major argument. In the Objections and Replies, a collection of objections to the work along with Descartes personal and often very detailed replies to said objections, the philosopher Antoine Arnauld raises the question of whetherRead MoreDescartes First Meditation2099 Words   |  9 PagesDescartes First Meditation Descartes believes that knowledge comes from within the mind, a single indisputable fact to build on that can be gained through individual reflection. While seeking true knowledge, Descartes writes his Six Meditations. In these meditations, Descartes tries to develop a strong foundation, which all knowledge can be built upon. In the First Meditation, Descartes begins developing this foundation through the method of doubt. 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Grading Machines free essay sample

There has been a push to evaluate English essays through online grading machines recently. Teachers would virtually have no role in judging student writing and only need to submit the essays to the site. The process is quite meaningless; the site would scan for plagiarism, check the writing formulas, and ensure that the structure is precise. Therefore, the process would be entirely based on the structure  ­essentially without any focus on the actual content. As long as the grammar and vocabulary are correct, the student would receive a stellar grade. If grading machines were introduced, it would make writing essays much easier and save students a lot of time. However, such an innovation would be a major setback and an atrocity for our literary future. The unique style of each student would disappear once online grading sites are instituted. Since the essays would be based purely on structure, the desire to articulate thoughtful and profound content will inevitably fade. We will write a custom essay sample on Grading Machines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page  ­Essays will not represent the students voice; instead they will essentially become simple mathematical equations. The inner core of true literature, an expression of the soul and innate creativity, would soon be forgotten. Writing devices would become vestigial. Why write a complex simile or metaphor when a simple sentence would suffice? Though essays based on a formula would make English class decisively easier, they would be detrimental to the students inner growth and reflection. The true purpose of writing is to form personal  ­perspectives and personal identity. Such values must not be collectivized and disregarded. Once the formula becomes the most important part of an essay, each will sound same as the next. Furthermore, essentially every subject is objective; math problems each have one answer, history has one story, and science has one solution. However, English takes on many forms with its many styles. People can view a story based on their own interpretation. In literature, you can say that 2+2=5 and that 1 is infinite. Grand possibilities only exist through writing, in which there is no defined right answer, but instead an opportunity to create something that is truly unique and phenomenal. Scholars do not study great writers like Shakespeare for his formula of a play. They do not care the most about his structure of a love story. Instead, they care about how the story is presented, the emotions of the characters, and the creativity of the story. Leo Tolstoys War and Peace is not a classic because its formulaic. George Orwells Animal Farm has not achieved notoriety for being simple or straightforward. True classics are assembled with marvelous artistry, which online sites would cause to die. A successful movement to install grading machines would be a detrimental move toward uniformity. Great literature thrives on creative, progressive, and convoluted thoughts. Simply grading based on structure would destroy writing and make it truly objective. Literature without creativity is like a painting with no color or flamboyance; it loses its meaning, its dramatic nature, everything. To protect the sanctity of writing, these corrupt grading machines must be abandoned. The future of literature depends on it. If these ghastly machines become popular, the entire world will become one cliche.

This assignment is an analysis of the dramatic impact of Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, scene 5 Essay Example Essay Example

This assignment is an analysis of the dramatic impact of Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, scene 5 Essay Example Paper This assignment is an analysis of the dramatic impact of Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, scene 5 Essay Introduction Romeo and Juliet, perhaps the most famous love story of all times tells the tale two lovers, children of enemies who have been fighting for years whose love ends up in a tragedy. Issues rose within Romeo and Juliet are very much relevant today as it deals with affairs of love, hatred and violence. This novel has inspired an innumerable amount of plays, musicals, films, paintings etc, and continues to inspire many more. We have studied two versions of the film, the Franco Zeffirelli version (1968) which contains a setting back in time into the Elizabethan era, with the Elizabethan style clothes and houses, and the Baz Luhrman version (1997) which contains a more modern setting, with modern clothes and houses, but also with a futuristic feel. Act 3, scene 5 is a key scene due to it being the middle of the play in which the audience would expect a high impact scene with a huge turning point of the story line and of the characters. This scene contains a multitude of emotions, from the lo ve and harmony to the drama and desperation. The scene is very powerfully filled with high tension and lots of action and it is this immense dramaticy which has a significant impact on the audience. It reveals to the audience a lot about the morals and values of the characters; Juliet changes completely in this scene. No longer do we see the sweet, naive, obedient girl who respects and obeys her parents, we perceive a strong, tough young woman who has alienated herself from the only adults she knew and is willing to die than obey them. This assignment is an analysis of the dramatic impact of Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, scene 5 Essay Body Paragraphs The scene begins with the morning after Romeo and Juliet have spent their one and only night together; their marriage consummated and the audience very conscious of this act. The atmosphere is calm and tranquil, very amorous and romantic though with a sense of sorrow. Both films have expressed this with tranquil, serene music playing softly in order to enhance the atmosphere. The lovers passionately speak to each other, Juliet does not wish for Romeo to leave, â€Å"Will though be gone? It is not yet near the day†. Romeo’s reply, â€Å"Night’s candles are burnt out, and jocund the day†, is very imagistic and poetic. Juliet strongly wishes for Romeo to stay as she knows that the day will bring Romeo’s departure, â€Å"And light thee on thy way to Mantua†. Romeo plays with the words, â€Å"Come, death, and welcome! Juliet wills it so†, though this is ominous and ironic as the audience are aware that this will be their fate. A contrast be tween light and dark is seen as the play so far has associated light with lust, fighting, anger and it is the night in which they can be together and love one another. In the films, the lovers play almost childishly together under the white bed sheets, white emphasizing their innocence and how playful they are. They are in their own world, totally remote from the rest of the fighting, violence and bloodshed. Juliet poeticises to Romeo, â€Å"Love, lord, ay husband, friend† revealing the extent of Romeo to Juliet ,he is her lover, lord, husband and friend. The audience feel sympathetic towards these two lovers, even more sorrow as learn from the previous scene Capulet had already arranged the marriage between Juliet and Paris, an effective use of dramatic irony. As the two lovers depart Juliet cries, â€Å"O think’st thou we shall ever meet again?†, a line so poignant and emotional as we know that they shall never meet again. Then as Romeo departs, and Juliet loo ks down on Romeo as sees him â€Å"As one dead in the bottom of a tomb†. The sense of foreboding and dread comes into being. It is a reminder that these two lovers are star-crossed lovers, and that they are ill fated as told in the prologue. An Elizabethan audience would have appreciated this idea of fate and destiny, and how their lives were mapped-out by the stars, as this too was their belief. Juliet weeps due to the leaving of Romeo. Lady Capulet enters the room and believes these tears are for the loss of Tybalt. Again, irony is used as the audience know that Juliet’s grief is for Romeo. Her talk as the audience would known is the grieving of Romeos departure She also plays with the words as she speaks to her mother, â€Å"Ay madam, from the reach of these my hands†. Her reaching of hands is to hold Romeo, while her mother would imagine it is to strangle and kill him. Juliet ambiguously cries, â€Å"With Romeo, till I behold him – dead – Is m y poor heart.†. Though we known that Juliet is exclaiming, â€Å"With Romeo till I behold him, dead is my poor heart† her mother interprets it as, â€Å"With Romeo till I behold him dead†. Juliet clearly intends to deceive her mother. This intensely builds tension as the truth could transpire. We notice how calm and mature Juliet is in facing her mother and how much she has changed from the sweet girl we met at the beginning of this play. But the news from Lady Capulet of Juliet to â€Å"marry. early next Thursday morn. shall happily make thee there a joyful bride† is the beginning of cataclysm within this scene. The shock and despondency of this news is clearly stated within her dialogue, â€Å"Now, by Saint Peter’s Church and Peter too, he shall not make me there a joyful bride†. The repetition of her mothers words emphasise the rhythm of the dialogue and reflects her defiance and loyalty to Romeo. She cannot go through with this marriage a s she has wedded married Romeo and consummated it. An Elizabethan audience would recognise this and understand how Juliet felt, as to get married again would be breaking a law of God. The audience would be fully drawn into her dilemma and the atmosphere would be very tense. But Lady Capulet steps back and lets her husband deal with the matter. Capulet enters with most joy and bliss due to the arrangement he has just set. He talks with softness conveying he can be loving and sweet, but he also refers to Juliet as, â€Å"In one little body.†. This reveals to us what he sees his own daughter as, something in â€Å"one little body†, a passion in which you control. In Elizabethan time women had no status. Neither eminence nor equal rights were a part of their culture. Their general image was of being the man’s property and respect was only gained through marriage or a male representative. When the news is broken to Capulet, he is shocked. â€Å"How? Will she none? D oth she not gives us thanks? Is she not proud? Doth she not count her bless†. His surprised reaction is shown in the questioning of this news; his use of repetition, repeating the word â€Å"Doth† as in â€Å"Doesn’t she?† increases the pace and the use short sentences to emphasise onto his shock. His anger increases as he starts to rant and rave. â€Å"How, how, how, how?†. Capulet sees this issue of disobedience from his daughter as â€Å"chopped logic†, something that is illogical and unfounded, again reflecting Elizabethan culture. His language turns abusive and insulting which is more horrifying than the actual physical abuse! â€Å"Mistress minion you. you green-sickness carrion!. you baggage! You tallow-face†. Even the sounds and alliteration in â€Å"mistress minion† reflect his contempt and anger. In the two films, Capulet anger is defied visually as he uses physical abuse on his daughter; but this is not in the actual play. He mentions â€Å"my fingers itch† but does not actually hit Juliet. The reason the films have used this visual abuse is to appeal more to a modern day audience. People today are uninterested in plain, ordinary language and need this action to keep them involved. The films also use a fast moving camera, with different camera angles, close-ups, dramatic music which all heighten the tension, anticipation and pace. We also see the true Capulet here. He seems to be a man who is used to having their way, and a result of the opposite would turn him very violent. The audience also would realise that the arranged marriage for Juliet is more of an opportunity for him to do his fatherly duty and send his daughter of into another family, rather than for her own happiness. He is shown to be caring and concerned for his daughter, but can turn rude, violent and aggressive if he is disobeyed. The words, ‘And you be not, hang, beg starve, die in the streets† reveal jut how shard-hearted and selfish Capulet is, all we have learned of this man from within this scene. However, Juliet’s response towards her fathers insulting language, â€Å"Good father, I beseech you on my knees. Hear me with patience but to speak a word†, is polite and respective, reflecting a child who does not wish to disobey her parents. But there is nothing she can do when her father gives her the ultimatum, â€Å"fettle your fine joints ‘gainst Thursday next. or I will drag thee on a hurdle†. Again, note the language used by Capulet, â€Å"fettle your fine joints† which mirror his image of Juliet as a fragile, brittle girl and the use of fricative sounds within emphasizing his disdain. Now that Juliet has been disowned by her father, she turns to the only people she can turn to. She cries to her mother but her reply is of no help or comfort at all, â€Å"Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee.† Her own mother turns her back on Juliet and rejects her. We are shown the true relationship between Juliet and her mother. Again in Elizabethan times children were commonly brought up by nurses, which brought about a weak bond between mother and child with neither no love nor care. Juliet turns to the nurse, the only person now she can turn to. She pleads to the nurse, â€Å"O God, O Nurse, how shall this be prevented. Comfort me, counsel me. But the response is not of what Juliet expects, â€Å"I think it is best of you married with the County. O, he’s a lovely gentleman. Romeo’s a dishclout to him.† The shock and distress Juliet must have felt when she heard this. Though the nurse well-intentioned in trying to comfort and please her mistress, she has failed to recognise how much Juliet had changed and how much she had undermined Juliet’s true character and feelings. This marks the severing of Juliet’s esteem and friendship for her nurse; Juliet quite furiously calls her a â€Å"O most wi cked fiend†. Now Juliet has been abandoned and betrayed by the only adults she new and trusted. She now feels isolated, lonely and desperate. But Juliet throughout this scene has strengthened herself mentally becoming a committed, independent woman which allows her take control over this predicament. She plans to go see Friar Lawrence, her last chance of help, â€Å"I’ll tell the Friar to know his remedy. If all else fail, I myself have power to die†. Juliet, directly speaking to the audience, informs them that if her final plan fails her last course of action will be left to her to kill herself. Again we are indicated of the coming tragedy. As mentioned earlier on Act 3 Scene 5 is a vital scene of the play. It combines emotions of harmony and love through to the violence, brutality and desperation. It is a turning point of the play, from a romantic story through to a tragedy. It also is a turning point of Juliet, in which she becomes a strong, independent woman who is willing to kill herself rather than obey her father’s rules which undermine her religious values. It contains an insight of the other characters, including the bully of a father and the shallowness of a nurse. It consists of irony, drama, effective dialogue and excellent use of language. In my opinion, Shakespeare has been very successful of having the dramatic impact intended on the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on This assignment is an analysis of the dramatic impact of Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, scene 5 Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on This assignment is an analysis of the dramatic impact of Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, scene 5 Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on This assignment is an analysis of the dramatic impact of Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, scene 5 Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Gorgias essays

Gorgias essays Imagine walking into the classroom just as your instructor is handing back grades on a major test you recently took. She hands you yours and you see you have a grade much higher than you expected, in fact, it is one of the highest grades in the class. You suddenly exclaim,Thank you, Jesus,? so that it is heard by everyone in class. Before realizing it, you have just committed a crime. In today's society, prayer in schools is essential to help one get through the day. Denying an individual his or her right to pray in a public setting seems to strip them of their First Amendment rights, which claim citizens have the freedom of speech. The issue of prayer in schools has had much debate over the past century, when the Supreme Court made its first ruling regarding religion in schools. During the case ofIllinois vs. McCollum? in 1948, the court ruled that allowing religious teachers to come into public schools to give religious instruction violated the First Amendment's Establishment Clause, which prohibits government establishment of religion. The court said the policy tears down thewall" separating church and state, (a phrase created by Thomas Jefferson in a letter to the Westbury Baptists after the Constitution had been written and ratified. Since 1948, there have been numerous trials regarding the same issue. On June 25, l962, the U.S. Supreme Court removed prayer from our nation's schools. 39 million students were forbidden to do what they and their predecessors had been doing since the founding of our nation, which was publicly calling upon the name of the Lord at the beginning of each school day. The U.S. Supreme Court's decision to remove prayer from schools, has been leading to other religious removals. Even thePledge of Allegiance? has had some dispute because it states that the United States isone nation under God.? Then people began to think,Well, what about those who don't believe in God? Are they ...

lie detector essays

lie detector essays People tell lies and deceive others for many reasons. Most often, lying is a defense mechanism used to avoid trouble with the law, bosses or authority figures. Sometimes, you can tell when someone's lying, but other times it may not be so easy. Lie detectors are instruments that monitor a person's physiological reactions. A polygraph instrument is basically a combination of medical devices that are used to monitor changes occurring in the body. A person is questioned about a certain event or incident, the examiner looks to see how the person's heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and electro-dermal activity (sweatiness) change in comparison to normal levels. Fluctuations may indicate that person is being deceptive, but exam results are open to interpretation by the examiner. The environments of a room are considerably important. The room should be completely quiet, not too dry or not too humanity. If it is too dry, then it can cause a cough. This will destroy the purpose of t est. The room also should be considered with room temperature and lighting. A person who is being tested should be block from any kinds of disturbances except by the examiner. The examiner also has to be a neat feature and use the standard language with a steady tone of voice. After done with a question, the examiner should not move for 25 seconds. The question shouldnt be too long or too short. After all of these requirements are satisfied, then the examiner is able to tell whether deceptive behavior is being displayed. A lie detector is not a device to detect lies rather it can detect whether deceptive behavior is being displayed. There is an ethical issue involved with lie detectors. Lie detectors are used in many places and situations like FBI, police departments, employments with permission of future employees, and etc. But we can not completely rely on the results with the device because some people can manipulate their results with controlling ...

Physical Restraint Use on People with Dementia Essay

Physical Restraint Use on People with Dementia - Essay Example (Koch Susan and Lyon Cheryl, 2001) Purely clinical emergency necessitating medical care on dementia patients does not pose any problem for the attending health staff and nurses. Dementia patients at this juncture are either passive or unconscious. Use of physical restraints on these types of patients does not arise. When the patients turn aggressive, the progress of medical attendance is blocked. This prompts the nursing staff to use physical restraints on the patients. Immediate attention towards reducing the aggression of the dementia patients dilutes the emergency in the atmosphere. Dementia patients suddenly turn hostile towards the attending nurses and agitate for reasons not known to the staff and not expressible by the patients. Agitation refers to a range of behaviors associated with dementia, including irritability, sleeplessness and verbal or physical aggressions. Often these types of behavior problems progress with stages of dementia, from mild to more severe. Pilot resear ch studies designed to measure how agitation manifested, to measure the severity of agitation and to identify the nursing practices used to manage and their outcome revealed in the past that nurse actions triggered the majority of most highly rated episodes of agitated behavior in dementia patients. Three databases CINHAL, PROQUEST, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC SOCIETY and BLACKWELL SYNERGY were searched using search terms 'dementia', 'physical restraints', and 'emergency'. On viewing the guidelines for using the physical restraints a book by Noreen Cavan Frisch is also found apt. Findings: On pressing the contents of the papers through the sieve of two main views extracted it is found that emergency arising out of aggressions of dementia patients is differently perceived by nurses and other beholders and safety related dilemma in nursing staff is due to the double sided pressure from both statutory enforcement and clinical guidelines for procedural therapy. EMERGENCY ARISING OUT OF AGGRESSIONS IN DEMENTIA PATIENTS: Gerry Farrel (2005) analyzed 28 aggression management-training programs and found that use of restraints on patients of mental health department is obligatory. Since the concentration of the research was mainly on industrial and other professional fields wherein aggression management programs are conducted, the stress of the same in mental health area is minimal although the authors made a mention that many of the AMPs did not address psychological aspects. (Gerry Farrell, Katrina Cubit, 2005) Some of the greatest challenges of nursing staff with the dementia patients are the personality and behavior changes that often occur. The nurses are given training to meet these challenges by using creativity, flexibility, patience and compassion. Before thinking of the decision to use physical restraints on the dementia patients so that treatment can take its smooth course, it is obligatory on the part of attending nurses to tactfully handle the troubling behavior of the patients. Trying to change the person

Spirituality 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Spirituality 3 - Essay Example The following is a brief summary of the assessment. It was noted that the patient admitted to being affected by her relationship with God due to her illness. She has not been able to do things related to spirituality effectively as a result of her illness. She relates her devastation in her relationship with her family and friends as they consider her an outcast in the community. From the assessment it was observed that the kind of ailment she was suffering was considered to infect someone who went against the culture of the community. The patient had a desire to make up with children who have since been separated from her for three months of her ordeal. She reiterated that she wish to profess her love for her children. It is apparent that the conflicts are likely to affect the medical situation where the patient is likely to die faster than anticipated. Besides, she preferred to speak to her chaplain before she passed on, which is a request she made to the nurses to help her soul rest in peace. The major challenge in conducting the assessment was behind the fact that the patient was emotional at some point. She blamed everyone in the society for her current situation, her family members for abandoning her and God for letting things happen the way they are. It was not easy to complete the entire assessment. In future, I intend to change the line and formatting of the questions in away to avoid build up of emotions among the patients (Clark, Drain & Malone, 2003). Besides, I failed to take into considerations that this patient had reached a point of believing that God is not in control and hence He is a mean super being who lets His people suffer. Through the assessment I learnt some few vital lessons. One of the significant things I learnt was spirituality is essential to some patients while other patients who tend to be pagans in nature it might not help a lot. Moreover, it is one of

Display screen Essay Example for Free

Display screen Essay A monitor can be considered as a window into the computers memory. It allows data entry to be checked by echoing input characters on the screen. The disadvantage of monitors is that data on the screen is temporary (called softcopy) and they can hold only limited amount of data. Quality Factor Resolution Resolution defines sharpness and clarity of an image and is specified as the number of dots per character. Modern packages are using a lot of graphics and therefore require high-resolution monitors. Display Adaptors Adaptors are cards installed in motherboard to control a monitor. The following specifications were evolving over the years:   Hercules mono   Colour Graphics Adaptor (CGA) low quality   Enhanced Graphics Adaptor (EGA) medium quality   Video Graphics Array (VGA and Super VGA) high quality   Extended Graphics Array (XGA) successor of SVGA, has the power to handle the video and animation requirements of the modern multimedia packages and games Bit Mapping Technique For monochrome displays, only one bit of memory is required for each pixel. If it is set to 1, the pixel is illuminated. If the corresponding memory location contains 0, the pixel is left dark. A binary representation in RAM The equivalent screen representation Figure 1. Bitmapped representation of letter T coding in RAM and corresponding image on screen For colour monitors, more than one bit is required to keep information about a pixel because apart from illuminated or not setting, colour specification is also required. Monitors that are capable of displaying 16 colours only would require 4 bits of memory per pixel (16 = 24). Figure out how many bits of memory per pixel are required to give a choice of 512 colours? Thus the required size of visual memory depends on the number of pixels on the screen (resolution factor) and on the number of colours available. If you are buying a modern monitor which is bigger than 14, it is desirable to have at least 2 M of memory on the video card. Types of Monitors 1). Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Technology: A beam of electrons lights up pixels/dots on the screen Colour is achieved by combining Red/Green/Blue (RGB) of different intensities. Size: Size is measured diagonally (corner to corner). Today monitors are available in sizes 14, 15, 17, 21. But the monitor size doesnt tell anything about the maximum viewable image size. The bezel in front of every monitors CRT diminishes the viewable area by approximately an inch. When deciding on which monitor to buy, think of which resolution youll be working in most frequently. The higher the resolution, the bigger the monitor is required. Monitors usually display 25 lines 80 characters each in text mode. Standard Resolutions (in pixels) VGA 640 x 480 SVGA 800 x 600 XGA 1024 x 768 1280 x 1024 1600 x 1200 Some high-end monitors support these high resolutions. Designed for professional level work,1600 x 1280 e. g. computer-aided design or desktop publishing 1800 x 1440 Supported by at least one: ViewSonic P815 Mega An interlaced monitor draws its screen in two passes. First it draws every second line and then fills in the missing lines. Interlacing is noticeable because of flicking screen and can cause headaches. A non-interlaced monitor draws its screen in one pass. Another reason for a flicking screen is the frequency with which the monitor redraws its screen called refresh rate or vertical scan rate. The bottom line should be 75Hz so that flickering effect doesnt show up. Ensure that your monitor and graphics card can be synchronised to the same refresh rate. 2). LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) These displays are known as being used in calculators and watches. They have an advantage of being cheap but a disadvantage is that it is very hard to see what they display in the dark. They are used in laptops because they are flat. LCDs come as monochrome or colour. Monochrome LCD images usually appear as dark gray images on a grayish-white background. Color Liquid Crystal Displays use two basic techniques for producing color: passive matrix and active matrix. Passive matrix is the less expensive of the two technologies. It offers good contrast and viewing angle suitable for graphical user interfaces but its colors are not particularly sharp and it has slow reaction times. This is the most popular display used in notebook computers today. It consists of a grid of horizontal and vertical wires. At the intersection of each grid is an LCD element which constitutes a single pixel, either letting light through or blocking it. Active-matrix technology, also called thin film transistor (TFT), produces color images that are as sharp as traditional CRT displays at 1/8 the space, but the technology is expensive. For multimedia applications with video images the fast response time of TFT active matrix displays is ideal. For color active matrix provides individual color bits for each displays. An active-matrix display uses from one to four transistors to control each pixel. LCDs do not exaggerate actual viewing areas like regular monitors. For example, a 9. 4 LCD provides 9. 4 diagonal viewing area. This is the equivalent of an 11 CRT. Color LCD Comparison Chart Technology Contrast Ratio Response Viewing Angle Price Passive Matrix 20:1 300 ms Medium Medium Active Matrix 60:1 80 ms High High 3). Gas Plasma Gas-plasma display is a type of flat display screen, called a flat-panel display, used in some portable computers. Images on gas-plasma displays generally appear as orange objects on a black background. Although gas-plasma displays produce very sharp monochrome images, they require much more power than the more common LCD displays. Technology: A grid of conductors are sealed between two flat plates of glass; neon and/or argon gas fills the space between the plates. Comparison Of LCDs and Gas-Plasma Displays: Type Readability Battery Life Cost LCD Lowest Longest Lowest Gas plasma High Shortest.

Physics of the Lathe :: physics lathe wood

"How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a wood chuck could chuck wood?" An age old tongue twister that has never been answered. In this rhyme, the common assumption is that the woodchuck is a small furry groundhog like creature, but there is another kind of wood chuck that is not as common but could chuck wood. Here we will explore this path of answering this age old riddle. In the production of many wood products a common manufacturing tool known as a lathe is used, and to hold the wood in the lathe a chuck is used. In order to calculate the amount of wood a wood chuck can chuck we must first define how the wood will be chucked. When wood chucking the chuck will be spinning around the spindle and an attachment will be used that will act as a catcher that will be on the outer radius of the chuck. We will also be able to calculate the velocity of the wood leaving the chuck and the kinetic energy. Lathes & Chucks A LATHE is "a machine tool designed primarily to do turning, facing, and boring. Their versatility permits multiple operations to be done with a single setup of the workpiece. Consequently, the lathe is the most common machine tool." The lathe used to theoretically calculate the amount of wood that can be chucked is the TECHNO CNC WOOD LATHE. This lathe has a spindle speed rate from 500 to 2000 RPM, which will be used to calculate the amount of wood chucked. The Chuck is an attachment that is the most commonly used way to hold a workpiece on the lathe. It attaches to the spindle on the lathe and is spun by it at speeds up to 4000 RPM depending on the lathe. The chuck that will be used for our calculations will have an approximate mass of 4 kilograms and a diameter of 6 inches. Wood Chucking To calculate the amount of wood that is chucked, and the other properties of wood chucking, using the TECHNO CNC WOOD LATHE the following values and assumptions will be used: * The spindle speed of the lathe has a range of 500-2000 RPM * The diameter of the chuck is 6 in. approximately 15 cm. * A one kilogram block of wood made out of American Spruce with a density of .

Decision Analysis Study Guide Scheduling

this is the best study guide I could find. Just match the questions with the answers for the study guide. Chapter 15: Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following is true regarding forward scheduling? Forward scheduling is the scheduling of a. the end items or finished products b. jobs as soon as the requirements are known c. the start items or component parts d. the final operation first beginning with the due date Which of the following best describes how short-term schedules are prepared? Short-term schedules are prepared a. directly from the aggregate plans b. directly from the capacity plans c. rom inventory records for items that have been used up d. from master schedules which are derived from aggregate plans Which scheduling technique should be employed when due dates are important for a job order? a. forward scheduling b. loading c. dispatching d. backward scheduling e. master scheduling Which of the following is not an effectiveness criterion for scheduling? a. maxim izing flow time b. minimizing completion time c. minimizing WIP inventory d. maximizing utilization Forward scheduling a. begins with a delivery date, then each operation is offset one at a time, in reverse order b. s well suited where the supplier is usually able to meet precise delivery dates c. tends to minimize in-process inventory d. assumes that procurement of material and operations start as soon as requirements are known Which file contains important information regarding an item's flow through the shop? a. routing file b. work center master file c. control files d. item master file Which of these is not part of the planning files of a production planning and control system? a. a progress file b. a work center master file c. an item master file d. a routing file Which of the following files tracks work order progress? . work center master files b. routing files c. item master files d. control files 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The production database containing information about each of the components that a firm produces or purchases is the a. routing file b. work center master file c. control file d. item master file The short-term scheduling activity called loading a. assigns dates to specific jobs or operations steps b. specifies the order in which jobs should be done at each center c. assigns jobs to work centers d. assigns workers to jobs The assignment method is a. a method to highlight overloads in a given work center b. computerized method of determining appropriate tasks for an operation c. a form of linear programming for optimally assigning tasks or jobs to resources d. the same thing as the Gantt schedule chart A scheduling technique used to achieve optimum, one-to-one matching of tasks and resources is a. the assignment method b. Johnson's rule c. the CDS Algorithm d. the appointment method Which of the following is an aid used to monitor jobs in process? a. a Gantt load chart b. the assignment method c. a Gantt schedule chart d. Johnson's Rul e If an assignment problem consists of 6 workers and 7 projects, a. ne worker will not get a project assignment b. one worker will be assigned two projects c. each worker will contribute work toward the seventh project d. one project will not get a worker assigned Orders are processed in the sequence in which they arrive if (the) ______ rule sequences the jobs. a. earliest due date b. slack time remaining c. first come, first serve d. critical ratio 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Which of the following dispatching rules ordinarily gives the best results when the criterion is lowest time for completion of the full sequence of jobs? a. shortest processing time (SPT) b. critical ratio (CR) c. irst in, first out (FIFO) d. first come, first serve (FCFS) 17. Sequencing (or dispatching) a. assigns dates to specific jobs or operations steps b. assigns jobs to work centers c. specifies the order in which jobs should be done at each center d. assigns workers to jobs 18. Five jobs (A, B, C, D, E) are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due dates are given below. Using the shortest processing time dispatching rule, in which order should the jobs be processed? Job A B C D E a. b. c. d. Processing Time (days) 4 7 8 3 5 A, B, C, D, E C, E, A, D, B B, D, A, E, C D, A, E, B, C Job due date (days) 7 4 11 5 8 9. Five jobs are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due dates are given below. Using the earliest due date dispatching rule, in which order should the jobs be processed? Job A B C D E a. b. c. d. Processing Time (days) 4 2 8 3 5 C, E, A, D, B A, B, C, D, E B, D, A, E, C C, B, A, E, D Job due date (days) 7 4 11 5 8 20. Flow time represents the time a. an order spends waiting for processing at a work center b. an order spends being processed at a work center c. an order spends moving from one work center to another d. o complete an order, including time spent in processing and in waiting Which of the following dispatching rules tends to minimize job flow time? a. FCFS: first come, first served b. SPT: shortest processing time c. EDD: earliest due date d. LPT: longest processing time Average completion time for a schedule sequence at a work center is total a. processing time divided by the number of jobs b. flow time divided by total processing time c. flow time divided by the number of jobs d. processing time plus total late time divided by number of jobs Five welding jobs are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due dates are given below. Using the critical ratio dispatching rule, in which order should the jobs be processed? 21. 22. 23. Job A B C D E a. b. c. d. 24. Processing Time (days) 4 2 8 3 5 B, D, A, E, C C, D, A, B, E C, E, A, D, B E, B, A, D, C Job due date (days) 7 4 11 5 11 Which of the following dispatching rules allows easy updates? a. FCFS: first come, first served b. SPT: shortest processing time c. EDD: earliest due date d. CR: critical ratio The priority rule which processes jobs according to the smallest ratio of due date to processing time is: a. ritical ratio b. earliest due date c. first come, first serve d. longest processing time Which of the following is an advantage of the FCFS dispatching rule when used in services? a. FCFS seems fair to customers b. FCFS minimizes the average number of jobs in the system c. FCFS minimizes the average lateness of all jobs d. FCFS maximizes the number of jobs completed on time The most appropriate sequencin g rule to use if the goal is to dynamically track the progress of jobs and establish relative priority on a common basis is a. shortest processing time b. earliest due date c. critical ratio d. Johnson's rule Use of the sequencing rule Shortest Processing Time generally results in a. minimum average lateness b. maximum utilization c. maximum effectiveness d. minimum average flow time When a set of jobs must pass through two workstations whose sequence is fixed, ______ is the rule most commonly applied. a. Johnson's Rule b. earliest due date rule c. first come, first serve rule d. slack time remaining A recent advance in short-term scheduling that makes use of expert systems and simulation in solving dynamic scheduling problems is a. forward scheduling b. backward scheduling c. infinite scheduling 5. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. d. finite scheduling 31. Which of the following techniques does not contribute to increasing throughput at a bottleneck? a. schedule throughput to match capacity of the bottleneck b. increase capacity of constraint c. have cross-trained employees available to operate the constraint d. develop alternate routings An appliance manufacturer assembles icemakers in large batches. The operations manager would like to significantly reduce the batch size. What would you suggest? a. use the SPT rule b. use forward scheduling c. use finite scheduling d. develop level material use schedules 33. A firm wants to develop a level material use schedule based on the following data. What should be the setup cost? desired lot size: 60 annual demand: 40,000 holding cost: $20 per unit per year daily production rate: 320 # of work days per year: 250 a. b. c. d. 34. $0. 45 $4. 50 $45 $450 32. Factory X is trying to use level use scheduling. If their first target were to cut the current lot size in half, by what proportion must setup cost change? a. Setup cost must be cut to one-fourth its current value. b. Setup cost must also be cut in half from its current value. c. Setup cost must double from its current value. . Cannot be determined. Which of the following is true regarding services scheduling? a. The Critical Ratio sequencing rule is widely used for fairness to customers. b. The emphasis is on staffing levels, not materials. c. Reservation systems are often used a means of manipulating the supply of services. d. Labor use can be intensive, and labor demand is usually stable. c d c a c d c d b c b d 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. a a c d a d a d a a b 35. Chapter 15: Multiple Choice Answers 13. 1. b 14. 2. d 15. 3. d 16. 4. a 17. 5. d 18. 6. a 19. 7. a 20. 8. d 21. 9. d 22. 10. c 23. 11. c 24. 12. a

Determining Achievements in the Choice of School

Every parent wants what is best for their child. Though parents do not have control over everything in their child's development, education is one they do control. A person's education is one of the most important factors in determining whether or not they will become a productive member of society. Because education is so important, what kind of education is best? Whether or not a public or private school is best may be an issue worth addressing. The debate over which is better is a battle that has gone on since private schools were first introduced as an alternative. It seems most people are of the opinion that private schools are superior; the issue is simply if it is worth the money. However, this may not be the case. Therefore, how does one gauge the superiority of a school? This very difficult question has no easy answers. The most common and maybe the only way that researchers can rate and measure the effectiveness of a school is by measuring achievement. The American Heritage Dictionary seems to define achievement as â€Å"something that has been accomplished successfully, especially by means of exertion, skill, practice, or perseverance. This efinition is not exactly what researchers are speaking of when they refer to achievement. Though they all seem to define it slightly different, achievement is refered to as an improvement in overall academic excellence that did not exist before or outside the classroom. Many researchers used achievement tests and SAT scores in longitudinal studies for this measure. These reports seem to suggest that public schools seem to perform at equal levels with private schools. But are SAT scores and achievement tests all that are important to a school and what it can provide for children? This question cannot be addressed with these The fact that I was raised in a private environment seems to suggest that I may not be better off than my private counterparts. Since a young age, I have attended private schools. From Kindergarten through all four years of high school, I have been in home schooling with my other brothers and sisters. I was raised on the idea that private schools are better than public ones. My parents and most of my peers still believe this. I might still think this also but with much less fervor. After high school, I then went on to Meramac, my first public school. It was here that I learned, in that large and diverse environment, and from talking to my friends now at public colleges, that maybe the average public and private system are not so different. I am not saying that high school and college are comparable, they are not. Maybe just the idea that private schools provide a superior education is false. I seem to be getting the same if not better education where I am now, at Meramac, than I would at some private college. I am afraid to ask how much my parents have spent on my education. Would I be I the same place today had I gone to public schools, only having a more However, one must keep in mind that the issue over weather private schools are superior to public ones cannot be calculated for just myself or any other individual. The facts and data stated here are averages, not necessarily the best and most accurate information for all children. Also, not all public schools are the same and not all private schools are the same. Again, the results here are supposed to be averages of each. Many schools are not even addressed. Public magnet schools, independent schools, and special education schools, are some examples. Another thing to bear in mind is that there are many more public schools than here are private ones, thus skewing the data some. With that I mind, I have found six journals written on, or pertaining to, the subject of achievement and whether private or public does a better job of promoting it. However, all of these researchers did not just pick a hundred public students and a hundred private ones, test them, and then see who scored higher. Many variables must be taken into account to make the two groups as equal as possible. This logical step included the factoring out of variables such as economic backgrounds, gender, age, race, IQ, and others. By liminating or lessening these characteristics and others like them, more equivalent groups can be made, with a smaller chance of non school influences affecting score results. Before the mid 1970's, the issue of the better type of school had not been seriously addressed. This may be because most students enrolled in private schools were there primarily for religious reasons. This is why most private schools are Catholic. The Coleman report, released a before the 1980, began the battle that still continues to this day. Their conclusion stated that, after all the data was collected, and all the important ariables accounted for, private schools produce better achievement than their public counterparts. Shortly after this research became public, numerous studies have been documented as stating that their conclusion was false. Some of those studies shall be stated here. One of the first reports that confronted the Coleman report was released in 1981 by authors Goldberger and Cain. This study did nothing but address the validity of the report by Coleman, Hoffer, and Kilgore, which was a document that contained 233 pages + appendices. They found that â€Å"the method and nterpretations employed fall below the minimum standards of acceptability for social-scientific research†. Goldberger and Cain do not only disagree with the results that Coleman and his associates released but attack them with a fair amount of vemenance. Their research methods, or, their execution of the methods, are replete with flaws. The presentation of their style are one-sided — pro-private. It is as if they decided to write a brief for the proposition that society shift to the subsidization of private schools and away from the subsidization of public schools. Goldberger and Cain therefore, are not saying anything referring to which type of school is better. They are simply stating that the results shown by the Coleman report are not accurate, and therefore, there is simply no evidence suggesting that private is better. However, in 1983, Alexander and Pallas not only discredited the Coleman report but also did a study of their own. Though a little more discrete in their judgments, they again find the Coleman results flawed. They also address the fact that because most private schools are catholic, it would be wrong to generalize the private school data set by including all private schools. Instead they address the issue as a public-Catholic one. Attempting to correct the errors in the Coleman report, they do a study of their own. Using the NLS and HSB studies, they find that there is not a substantial difference in the results and that private schools are not better. They do however, point out their shortcomings; that â€Å"SAT scores are only available for those students who elected to sit for the test† and that the data are only sampled of sophomores and Another study that furthered the argument that public schools are just as good as private ones were one put out by Sassenreth and her colleagues. In 1983 they used a study that was already in progress, SOMPA, to analyze the correlation between the two. Though the study was extremely brief, by comparing IQ's of students already in the survey, they found that â€Å". . . the public schools are able to hold their own, despite having to enroll an student (good or bad) in their residential area and having to offer a wider range of courses†. With 49 public school students and 49 private school students matched by their IQ and with all outside variables taken into account, â€Å"private and public schooling has (on the average) about the same nfluence on academic achievement†. However they are also the only study reviewed which infer that the decision to select a private school might be for other reasons than achievement. Some of the more recent data no longer refers to the Coleman report, suggesting that it is either outdated or has been successfully discredited. In 1991 Gibbons and Bickel use three SAT data sets to compare public to private. Though SAT tests â€Å"were originally designed to measure aptitude rather than achievement† the authors feel that they are just as good a measuring tool as any. They again find that, once accounting or certain variables, â€Å"public high schools appear to perform better than private high schools, at least with Also in 1991 Rock and associates address the issue of trying to ascertain what promotes achievement. Though it does not specifically address the conflict of private versus public schools, it does seem to provide useful information concerning some of the variables addressed by previous researchers and why they were factored out. Before the following variables are accounted for, * Students from private independent schools perform considerably better on all test than students from Students in private independent schools are more likely than public or Catholic school students to be proficient at higher level math problem solving (private independent: 63 percent, public: 18 percent, Catholic: * Students from Catholic schools have higher mean scores I all tested areas (except higher-level math problem solving) then do public school students. Age, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, also play a significant role in a students performance. Their data seems to suggest however, that the differences in achievement among public schools and rivate schools seem to stem from variables that are not school related. But what about the things that researchers cannot prove. Many parents, especially those whose children are or have been in private schools, would argue that achievement is only part of the big picture. Lynn Stevens, a public school teacher, has three daughters. Though they all began in public schools, two of them attended private high school. Mrs. Stevens feels that her children received a better academic background in a private school but, due to the variety and larger size of a public school, she feels that they might have suffered. She feels that they might have been â€Å"more involved in a larger variety of things† in a public school. Jennifer and Meredith Stevens, Mrs. Stevens' older daughters, attended Marist, a high pressure, high achievement, private school. Therefore, because it is so competitive, Mrs. Stevens feels it inappropriate to call Marist an â€Å"average† private school,. However, upon discussion of the advantage of social diversity of a public school, Jennifer added that she â€Å"received a more positive influence at Marist† than she would have at Roswell. Jennifer also senses from her youngest sister, now attending public high chool, that there is almost pressure to not do well. Mrs. Stevens also feels that public schools, especially at the elementary level, cannot meet the demands of all the different ability levels present in the large classes. Private schools on the other hand, though not able to help each child as much as possible, can perform a much better job of this with their smaller class sizes. One argument against private schools is that they do not provide a â€Å"real world† type of atmosphere, and that this is a serious disadvantage when the child grows up. Mrs. Stevens feels that this does not necessarily matter. However, because of Amanda's greater opportunity to achieve amongst her peers at public school, Mrs. Stevens would not put her youngest daughter in Marist. Another reason, though not addressed in the interview, for her sending her daughters to private school is due to the religious influence that it provides, which is unavailable in public schools. Basically, it depends on the student, and what will be best for him or her. It seems that for the average student, private schools do not provide better achievement than do public. But what does achievement have to do with the big picture? Will higher SAT and achievement scores roduce a happier, more well rounded, positive, and more self confident youth? Probably not. Every child is unique and has their own strengths and weaknesses. The same things hold true with schools. Some private schools are poor just as many public schools are good. The decision whether private schools are worth the money is another issue. Again, it depends on one's own situation. Therefore, though achievement may be part of the decision making process, it should only be a small concern in a sea of other ones. It depends upon the child as to which concerns are large and which ones are small.

Group Assignment Example

Group Assignment Example Group Assignment – Coursework Example Outsourcing Healthcare Decision Outsourcing Healthcare Decision Freedom County decision on outsourcing or internal provision of healthcare is an important aspect of ensuring cost efficiency, quality provision, and meeting the 8th amendment requirement for prisoner’s safety and wellbeing. From the article, it is better to keep the healthcare function internally at the Freedom County jail and not outsource. The reasons include the inability of the private companies to provide the quality of service provided by the jail owing to differences in personnel tasked with meeting the needs of the employees. The nurses at the jail have first-hand knowledge of the pain of the prisoners, and they aim at providing the best service. Outsourcing would compromise this as explained by Grace Chaudhary, the director of corrections health in Freedom County. The low staffing levels, denial of basic services to inmates, and poor quality service that resulted in Corizon Health Inc. facing investigati on and censure depicts the risks of outsourcing hence internal provision isd better (Rosselli, March 1, 2015). The other reason for the internal provision of heath service at the jail is the compassion attached to the provision of service at the jail. The use of an example of a man who commits a crime after being offered a parole for a cancer sickness to have the chance to return to prison and receive the healthcare service depicts the compassion in service delivery at the jail that cannot be replicated by a private organization that is mostly after profits. Outsourcing will present a challenge to the security and safety of the patients in terms of the possibility of private companies having employees who may smuggle dangerous substances to the prisoners in the form of treatment. When there is a poor relationship between sheriffs and private healthcare personnel reaching, the prisoners will be a nightmare that could result in death or inefficiency. The success of outsourcing is anch ored on having a perfect relationship between sheriffs and healthcare personnel, which is hard to achieve. Outsourcing does not ensure efficient delivery of a saving of tax payer money owing to the profit motive off private companies in healthcare provision for prisoners (AFSCME, 2014).ReferencesAFSCME (2014). Opposing outsourcing in corrections. Retrieved on March 30, 2015 from afscme.org/members/conventions/resolutions-and-amendments/2014/resolutions/opposing-outsourcing-in-correctionsRosselli, S. (March 1, 2015). Outsourcing neglect: Corizon’s for-profit healthcare endangers prison inmates and workers. Retrieved on March 30, 2015 from sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/outsourcing-neglect-corizons-for-profit-healthcare-endangers-prison-inmates-and-workers/Content?oid=2921905

Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris Are the Toolbox Killers

Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris Are the Toolbox Killers In late October 1979, California authorities were busy hunting down and capturing The Hillside Strangler, Angelo Buono. In the meantime, two more barbaric killers had teamed up to fulfill a prison time fantasy - to kidnap, rape, torture and kill a girl for each teenage year. For two months, the duo hunted roads and beaches, looking for victims who  matched their demented fantasy. They almost met their goal, killing five young girls, ages ranging between 13 to 18. This is their story. Bittaker and Norris Meet In 1978, Lawrence Sigmund Bittaker, age 38, and Roy L. Norris, age 30, met while in the California State Prison at San Luis Obispo. Norris was labeled as a mentally disordered sex offender and previously spent four years at a state mental institution. Once released, he raped again and returned to prison. Bittaker spent most of his adult life behind bars for various offenses. As their friendship grew, so did their fantasies of raping and murdering teenage girls. The Murder Mack After their release from prison, they paired up, transformed Bittakers 1977 GMC van into what they nicknamed, Murder Mack, and began their kidnap, torture and killing spree of young girls. As is characteristic of psychopaths, the pain inflicted on their victims grew more vicious with each new captive. Cindy Schaeffer On June 24, 1979, in Redondo Beach, Cindy Schaeffer, age 16, was walking to her grandmother’s house after attending a church program. Bittaker and Norris pulled up next to her in the Murder Mack and tried to entice her to go for a ride. Her attempts to ignore the two failed. She was forced into the van and taken to a pre-selected spot in the mountains. There she was tortured and denied her requests to pray before the two beat and strangled her to death with wire coat hangers. Andrea Hall On July 8, 1979, the duo went hunting for their second victim and found 18-year-old Andrea Hall hitchhiking on the Pacific Coast Highway. With Bittaker hiding in the back, Norris stopped and offered Hall a ride. Within minutes after she entered the van, Bittaker attacked, raped and took pictures of her bound and in fear. As if playing a game, Bittaker then asked why she should be allowed to live. Not liking her answer, he stabbed her in the ear with an ice pick and choked her to death. Jackie Gilliam and Jacqueline Lamp On Sept.  3, 1979, the murderous pair picked up their youngest victims from a bus stop at Hermosa Beach. Jackie Gilliam, 15, and Jacqueline Lamp, 13, were kidnapped and taken to the mountain location where they were raped and tortured for two days. As with Hall, both girls were stabbed in each ear with an ice pick, their small bodies viciously attacked with vice grips, then strangled to death with coat hangers tightened with pliers. Lynette Ledford The killers last known victim was killed on Oct. 31, 1979. Sixteen-year-old Lynette Ledford was kidnapped and her body mutilated. The young girl was stabbed numerous times, and with pliers, Bittaker ripped at her body. During her torture, her screams and pleas were tape-recorded as Bittaker repeatedly beat the young girls elbows with a sledgehammer, all the time demanding that she not stop screaming. In the end, the pair strangled her with a coat hanger. For fun the pair decided to leave Ledfords brutalized corpse on the lawn of a suburban home in Hermosa Beach, just to see the reaction of the media. The Hillside Strangler, Angelo Buono, had been caught just a few days before the discovery of Lynette Ledfords body, although authorities were not swayed into identifying her killer as Buono. Captured Norris was the murderous pairs downfall. He bragged to an old prison friend about his crime spree. The friend tipped off police, and the story sounded much like that of the victim, Shirley Sanders. On September 30, Shirley Sanders managed to escape from two men who used chemical mace on her, then raped her inside a van. Police interviewed her again, this time armed with pictures, and Sanders was able to identify the van and Norris and Bittaker as her attackers. Norris Points the Finger at Bittaker The two were arrested for unrelated crimes and held without bail for violating their probations. During an interrogation, Norris began admitting details about the pairs murderous activities, and he pointed the finger at Bittaker for being the one who killed their victims. 500 Photos - 19 Missing Girls Norris worked out a deal with authorities in exchange for his testimony against Bittaker, as well as showing police where they hid the bodies of their victims. Overall, police found over 500 photos of teenaged girls, 19 of which were listed as missing. But Norris clammed up and would only tell investigators what happened to five of the 19 missing girls. The Sentencing During Bittakers and Norris trial, the disturbing pictures of their crimes and the tape-recording of Lynette Ledfords final painful hours were shared with the jury. The impact was substantial. Bittaker was sentenced to death, and the judge included an extra 199-year life sentence just in case his death sentence was ever commuted to life. Norris was given 45 years to life for his cooperation in the investigation. In 2009, Norris was denied parole for an additional 10 years. Sources Couples Who Kill by Carol Anne Davis

Choose a topic that you can argue about with passion Essay

Choose a topic that you can argue about with passion - Essay Example Facial expressions play a very important role in communication. If a person feels that the other person is not feeling good to hear certain things from him by reading the other person’s facial expressions, the first person feels like changing his point in an attempt to please the second person whereas in the communication through computers, the first person is able to convey his true thoughts as there are no disturbing facial expressions to be noticed along the way. The person is able to speak his mind out because the feeling that he is actually talking to a human being is a bit suppressed as compared to the face-to-face communication. Overall, use of computers for communication enhances an individual’s tendency to speak to others. It is a psychological phenomenon in which the person discovers his hidden oratory power and interpersonal skills with the passage of time while practicing in front of the screen. Friends made online in the virtual world are often life-long friends in the real

Building Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Building Code - Essay Example These are further defined in the following: 1. Exit access - refers to the part of the means of egress system that leads to an exit from any occupied portion of a building or structure. Halls, corridors, aisles and other paths which can be traversed for escape can serve as exit access. 2. Exit - refers to the part of the means of egress system separated from other interior spaces of buildings by fire-resistance rated construction and equipments as required to provide a protective path between the exit access and the exit discharge. This includes exit exteriors and passageways, exterior exit doors at ground level, stairs and ramps and horizontal exits. Building codes specifies several items of concern in the means of egress system and requires those concerned to comply with the requirements such as illumination of signs, minimum sizes of doors, stairs, ramps and the amount of time it takes to travel from the exit access to the exit discharge.

Public Relations Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Relations Strategy - Essay Example However, in order to formulate a successful strategy, it is critical that a proper strategic management process is followed. This process is a step by step process which involves different stages through which organizational strategy has to pass through in order to be effective. Such process involves a detailed situational analysis i.e. the process of taking into account the external as well as internal factors before framing and formulating an strategy. The situational analysis also allows an organization to set its strategic objectives and bases on such objectives; strategies are designed to achieve such strategic objectives. Further, organizations also need to choose the tactics and then subsequently communicating the same to the stakeholders so that the same can easily disseminated to all the relevant stakeholders. "Public Relations is the profitable integration of organization's new and continuing relationships with the stakeholders including customers by managing all communications contacts with the organization that create and protect the brand and reputation of the organization"(Cawood,1997) British Petroleum or BP is one of the oldest companies in this line of business having more than 100 years of experience. Listed on London Stock Exchange, BP was formed during 1909 as Anglo-Persian Oil Company and has successfully transformed itself into one of the highly successful firms in the world. BP claims to be one of the largest energy companies in the world providing efficient fuel for transportation, energy for heating as well as light and offering other retail petrochemical products for use in everyday life. BP has the presence in over 100 countries with more than 90,000 employees working for it in different countries drilling more than 3 million barrels of oil per day. Such huge level of operations is only possible due to the successful management of the firm in strategic manner through diversification of its brands which cater to the needs of the different segments of the market. It is also critical to note that British Government has remained one of the shareholders of the firm during 1950s however; the stakes of UK government were subsequently sold during 1970s in order to give the firm more freedom and creativity to flourish as the third largest energy company in the world. BP is technically engaged into the exploration and production of petroleum and petroleum related products, refining them and subsequently marketing them. Apart from this, the firm is also involved into the production of different chemicals such as engine oils etc. Some Statistics about BP1 As of December 2007, 1. BP had the market capitalization of over GBP 230 Billion. 2. Sales and operating revenue of approximately GBP 284 Billion. 3. Number of total shareholders is in excess of 1 million. 4. Its proven reserves of the gas and oil were approximately over 17 billion barrels out of which 57% of the reserves are oil whereas rest comprises of the natural gas. 5. It produces 2.4 million barrels of oil and 8.1 billion cubic feet of natural gas from its various sites operated at multiple locations across the world. 6.

Polk Company Review Essay Example for Free

Polk Company Review Essay †¢ In this case, would it be better to use the variable or absorption costing method, and why? In this case, it would be better to use the absorption method because this method incorporates only the overhead that is allocated to the 80,000 units sold. The variable method counts fixed overhead as a period expense, meaning that the fixed overhead for this period is calculated on the basis of the 95,000 units produced, if the absorption method is used. The absorption method only calculates fixed overhead on the basis of the 80,000 units that were sold. This provides management with a more accurate picture of the profitability of the fishing lures. Thus, the absorption costing method is optimal. †¢ What are the benefits of the two methods? Under absorption costing system, the product cost consists of all variable as well as all fixed manufacturing costs.. But when variable costing system is used, the fixed cost (both manufacturing and non-manufacturing) is treated as a period cost and therefore is not included in the product cost. The ability to provide accurate information to management about product costs is the main benefit of the absorption method. The variable method is beneficial because it provides an output (net income) that is closer to the cash flow of the business. This is useful in particular for businesses that might be short on cash flow. Further, the variable costing method provides management with a clearer picture of the effect that fixed costs have on the total profitability of the company (AFM, 2012). †¢ Which method would lead to the best decision when a competitor is submitting a lower bid for your product? Absorption costing is particularly useful for firms that do not sell all of their manufactured products during the accounting period, as is the case with Polk. Under absorption costing, the cost of a good is not shown until the good has been sold (Johnston, 2013). This can be a disadvantage if a portion of the goods produced are ultimately not sold, as management would still have to know the cost of those goods.

Movie Essays - Comparing the Novel and Film Version of Joy Luck Club

Comparing the Novel and Film Version of Joy Luck Club   Ã‚   Wayne Wang's adaptation of Amy Tan's Joy Luck Club combines literary and cinematic devices by adopting the novel's narrative techniques and strengthening them through image and sound. The adaptation exemplifies not a destruction or abuse of Amy Tan's novel, but the emergence of a new work of art, not hindered but enhanced by the strengths of its literary precursor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Incorporating her family's own experiences as Chinese immigrants to the United States, Amy Tan tells the story of four Chinese mothers (Suyuan Woo, An-mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, Ying-ying St. Clair) and their American-born daughters (Jing-mei "June" Woo, Rose Hsu Jordan, Wave... .... Pour une lecture sociocritique de l'adaptation cinematographique. Une publication de l'Institut de Sociocritique --Montpellier.1995. Drolet. Telling her stories to change the (con)text of identity.UMI Dissertation Services. Michigan 1994. Aycock, Wendell. Film and literature : a comparative approach to adaptation. Texas Tech University Press, 1988.

Issues Surrounding Water Resources in England

The intent of this paper is to sketch the issues i.e. ( environmental, economic and societal issues ) environing H2O resources. This will briefly explicate what H2O resources are and will foreground the force per unit area towards the building industry in the South East of England. Adding on to this will be how the lodging development has a negative consequence to environment and land usage, which will be advised through how sustainable development and building aid to decide these issue and over these jobs now and the in the hereafter. Initially, H2O is seen as a resource that comes in an limitless supply, it gets used by farming and other industries, every bit good as the population in the south E of England. There are three chief beginnings: reservoirs, rivers and belowground aquifers. The chief job is there an increasing demand for H2O supply as every twelvemonth ; around 18 billion dozenss of H2O is taken from these beginnings in England and merely 6 billion is put back into H2O supply. Electricity coevals uses 9 billion metric tons, industry uses 2.1 billion metric tons, farming utilizations 0.2 billion metric tons, and the other utilizations such as fish agriculture history for the remainder ( Benn, 2008 ) . Water resources is an of all time increasing demand within the South East of England and has few development force per unit areas to run into these factors such as the increasing population, economic activity, low rainfall and impact of clime alteration ( Environment Agency,2005 ) . All of these factors r elate to the building industry as you will necessitate adequate H2O to run into the lifting demand for the new lodging and domestic building ( Every and Foley, 2005 ) . Furthermore, the population of England and Wales is projected to turn by approximately 5 % over the following 20 old ages. New lodging development will turn even more rapidly, with 80 % of demand being for single-person homes ( Environment Agency,2005 ) , and that has looping consequence back to climate alteration, doing drouths by abstractions from rivers and boreholes to run into the demands of many more families utilizing much more H2O, go forthing H2O tabular arraies and rivers being structurally depleted and wetlands degraded. The wildlife is dependent on them has been forced into tighter corridors, with some populations ( Warren, 2007 ) . Another job highlighted by an environment protection run is that the H2O systems have an increased sum of emphasis because more houses are being built obviously and that is going excessively much for the systems in topographic point to take attention of. The H2O systems are environing them with difficult tally off surfaces such as private roads, roads and roofs. The Government lodging marks continually add more emphasis ( Warren, 2007 ) . These actions are supported and maintained in the models for H2O supply and edifice ordinances that are considered good pattern by right minded persons. However, this is non the right thing as the degree of emphasis on H2O systems on the South East is excessively high so the lone manner to battle this is with utilizing new inducements and methods to cut down the emphasis and this pull offing H2O as an available, renewable resource. In the following portion, this essay will concentrate on the constructs how sustainable development relates to H2O resources. Sustainable development is a critical tool that manages the measure and quality of H2O resources in a preserved and healthy mode ( Flint,2004 ) . Besides, sustainable development is how South East England conserves H2O and how the H2O boards can better their substructure to be more efficient with waste. This will be work outing and cut downing the use of H2O and managing through The Government, OFWAT, Environment Agency, and The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs ( DEFRA ) is responsible for all facets of H2O policy in England and Wales. The Environment Agency, the Office of Water Services and the Drinking Water Inspectorate have their model set out by them from the DEFRA ( DEFRA,2004 ) . Water companies are meant to hold a H2O resources direction program which indicates how the H2O company preserves stableness between the supply and demand for H2O over the following decennary or so ( Environment Agency, 2005 ) . Companies such as Defra have to stay by these ordinances so that they are justifiable and they do non be much money. Inherently, the supply-demand concatenation compares the available size of the H2O supply to a forecast demand for a H2O resource zone. By utilizing the H2O resources direction programs that company’s usage, The Environment Agency can work with them to be after and foretell declarations to battle any shortages in the supply. The H2O resources direction program that has been put in topographic point has really improved the supply and demand balance for the whole of the South East of England. This basically means that there is less countries with deficient H2O to run into monolithic demands in a dry twelvemonth. Besides, the betterment could besides be down to H2O companies implementing smaller supply strategies such as upgrading boreholes ( Environment Agency, 2005 ) . Another issue that sustainable development improves H2O resources is through forestalling and cut downing escape. Water companies have helped decreased the degrees of escape in the South East of England, it was recorded that in 1999/2000 the sum degrees reported where 522 million liters per twenty-four hours whereas late it’s been reduced to 507 million liters per twenty-four hours in 2008/2009 ( Environment Agency, 2005 ) . However, in retrospect even though it has been reduced by an sum, it still doesn’t seem like a big decrease has been made, hence, one manner it can be reduced even more is if The Office for Water Services ( Ofwat ) could implement leakage marks ( Every and Foley, 2005 ) . Water companies should hold to be enforced a punishment if they fail to run into certain escape marks that are set up to cut down waste. Another method of how sustainable development improves pull offing the demand for H2O would be through H2O metering, since it assist promotes more efficient usage of H2O. It is reported that houses within England, merely 30 % have a H2O metre installed ( Benn,2008 ) . Water metres encourage the client to salvage money while salvaging H2O ; this in bend ends up being an effectual H2O salvaging step, since H2O ingestion for families is reduced by 10 % when a metre is installed. Additionally, another construct that overcomes and finds solutions to H2O resource direction is sustainable building. Sustainable Construction in relation to H2O resources is how designers can plan edifices to cut down H2O use. What things can be installed to cut down the sum of H2O? Sustainable Construction is fundamentally how can architects design edifices to assist cut down H2O use and to assist cut down H2O use and types of devices that can be installed to cut down the sum of H2O used. Problems with the south E of England is that it’s invariably in a high demand for H2O supply, therefore going the driest parts of the UK, this in bend has affected Domestic Water Consumption to increase by 70 % ( Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Council, 2009 ) . Besides, sustainable building helps cut down the strain on the H2O industry by utilizing H2O efficiency steps that can be implemented into new edifices and old. Water salvaging devices such as affaire d'honneur flower /low flush lavatories can cut down the flower volume by a twosome of liters of H2O ( HM Government, 2008 ) . Another step would be holding arid urinals alternatively since standard urinals use around 6-10 liters of H2O to blush, this can besides be followed up with self-closing lights-outs that are inexpensive and easy to put in every bit good as the fact that self-closing lights-outs automatically close the H2O flow in order to salvage H2O ( HM Government, 2008 ) . Another step that is really efficient is rainwater reaping, this involves the aggregation of H2O that would hold most likely been wasted by traveling down the drain or being lost through warming. A H2O butt is implemented so that it can roll up rainwater from any pipe in the garden. Much larger systems can roll up rainwater and filter it from the roof or big countries environing the belongings ( Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Council, 2009 ) . However, this H2O isn’t for devouring but more to provide lavatories and rinsing machines. Water butts are chiefly for domestic families whereas big systems are used for schools and offices. Besides, rescued H2O is another cardinal characteristic of sustainable building. Reclaimed H2O is H2O which has already been used. There are 2 types of rescued H2O and they are gray H2O recycling and black H2O recycling. Grey H2O recycling consists of H2O that has been used in baths and wash basins which can be sterilized on site and used for intents such as lavatory flushing and irrigating the garden ; this nevertheless is non suited imbibing H2O. The other signifier of rescued H2O is black H2O recycling, that is used for lavatory flushing and rinsing up, this can be reused though an intricate system that breaks down the solids and purifies the H2O to be reused. This besides isn’t suited imbibing H2O and has high care costs for domestic families ; this would accommodate better for big belongingss or sites. In Conclusion, In order to react to the environmental force per unit areas confronting the South East, in a manner that doesn’t merely work out one job by doing another, means that society has to alter, and alteration in ways that move it towards integrated, sustainable development. Environmental issues cut across both economic and societal concerns and this must be embraced if we are to successfully turn to and present sustainable solutions. Word count: 1,551 Mentions Political campaign to Protect Rural England, ( 2007 ) .A Water Resource Strategy for the South East of England. Kent: CPRE Kent, pp.5-39. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs ( DEPRA ) , ( 2004 ) .Making infinite for H2O. London: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, pp.7-39. Environment Agency, ( 2010 ) .State of the Environment – South East England. Bristol: Environment Agency, pp.20-34. Every, L. and Foley, J. ( 2005 ) .Pull offing Water Resources and Flood Risk in the South East. 1st erectile dysfunction. [ ebook ] London: The Institute for Public Policy Research, pp.1-27. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ippr.org/assets/media/ecomm/files/SE H2O 1.pdf [ Accessed 29 Nov. 2014 ] . Flint, W. ( 2004 ) . The Sustainable Development of Water Resources.Water Resources Update, ( 127 ) , pp.48-59. HM Government, ( 2014 ) .Future Water The Government’s H2O scheme for England. Norwich: TSO ( The Stationery Office ) , pp.7-80. Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Local Development Framework, ( 2009 ) .Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Local Development Framework. Hymen: Planning and Development Unit, pp.22-24.