Gorgias essays

Gorgias essays Imagine walking into the classroom just as your instructor is handing back grades on a major test you recently took. She hands you yours and you see you have a grade much higher than you expected, in fact, it is one of the highest grades in the class. You suddenly exclaim,Thank you, Jesus,? so that it is heard by everyone in class. Before realizing it, you have just committed a crime. In today's society, prayer in schools is essential to help one get through the day. Denying an individual his or her right to pray in a public setting seems to strip them of their First Amendment rights, which claim citizens have the freedom of speech. The issue of prayer in schools has had much debate over the past century, when the Supreme Court made its first ruling regarding religion in schools. During the case ofIllinois vs. McCollum? in 1948, the court ruled that allowing religious teachers to come into public schools to give religious instruction violated the First Amendment's Establishment Clause, which prohibits government establishment of religion. The court said the policy tears down thewall" separating church and state, (a phrase created by Thomas Jefferson in a letter to the Westbury Baptists after the Constitution had been written and ratified. Since 1948, there have been numerous trials regarding the same issue. On June 25, l962, the U.S. Supreme Court removed prayer from our nation's schools. 39 million students were forbidden to do what they and their predecessors had been doing since the founding of our nation, which was publicly calling upon the name of the Lord at the beginning of each school day. The U.S. Supreme Court's decision to remove prayer from schools, has been leading to other religious removals. Even thePledge of Allegiance? has had some dispute because it states that the United States isone nation under God.? Then people began to think,Well, what about those who don't believe in God? Are they ...

lie detector essays

lie detector essays People tell lies and deceive others for many reasons. Most often, lying is a defense mechanism used to avoid trouble with the law, bosses or authority figures. Sometimes, you can tell when someone's lying, but other times it may not be so easy. Lie detectors are instruments that monitor a person's physiological reactions. A polygraph instrument is basically a combination of medical devices that are used to monitor changes occurring in the body. A person is questioned about a certain event or incident, the examiner looks to see how the person's heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and electro-dermal activity (sweatiness) change in comparison to normal levels. Fluctuations may indicate that person is being deceptive, but exam results are open to interpretation by the examiner. The environments of a room are considerably important. The room should be completely quiet, not too dry or not too humanity. If it is too dry, then it can cause a cough. This will destroy the purpose of t est. The room also should be considered with room temperature and lighting. A person who is being tested should be block from any kinds of disturbances except by the examiner. The examiner also has to be a neat feature and use the standard language with a steady tone of voice. After done with a question, the examiner should not move for 25 seconds. The question shouldnt be too long or too short. After all of these requirements are satisfied, then the examiner is able to tell whether deceptive behavior is being displayed. A lie detector is not a device to detect lies rather it can detect whether deceptive behavior is being displayed. There is an ethical issue involved with lie detectors. Lie detectors are used in many places and situations like FBI, police departments, employments with permission of future employees, and etc. But we can not completely rely on the results with the device because some people can manipulate their results with controlling ...

Physical Restraint Use on People with Dementia Essay

Physical Restraint Use on People with Dementia - Essay Example (Koch Susan and Lyon Cheryl, 2001) Purely clinical emergency necessitating medical care on dementia patients does not pose any problem for the attending health staff and nurses. Dementia patients at this juncture are either passive or unconscious. Use of physical restraints on these types of patients does not arise. When the patients turn aggressive, the progress of medical attendance is blocked. This prompts the nursing staff to use physical restraints on the patients. Immediate attention towards reducing the aggression of the dementia patients dilutes the emergency in the atmosphere. Dementia patients suddenly turn hostile towards the attending nurses and agitate for reasons not known to the staff and not expressible by the patients. Agitation refers to a range of behaviors associated with dementia, including irritability, sleeplessness and verbal or physical aggressions. Often these types of behavior problems progress with stages of dementia, from mild to more severe. Pilot resear ch studies designed to measure how agitation manifested, to measure the severity of agitation and to identify the nursing practices used to manage and their outcome revealed in the past that nurse actions triggered the majority of most highly rated episodes of agitated behavior in dementia patients. Three databases CINHAL, PROQUEST, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC SOCIETY and BLACKWELL SYNERGY were searched using search terms 'dementia', 'physical restraints', and 'emergency'. On viewing the guidelines for using the physical restraints a book by Noreen Cavan Frisch is also found apt. Findings: On pressing the contents of the papers through the sieve of two main views extracted it is found that emergency arising out of aggressions of dementia patients is differently perceived by nurses and other beholders and safety related dilemma in nursing staff is due to the double sided pressure from both statutory enforcement and clinical guidelines for procedural therapy. EMERGENCY ARISING OUT OF AGGRESSIONS IN DEMENTIA PATIENTS: Gerry Farrel (2005) analyzed 28 aggression management-training programs and found that use of restraints on patients of mental health department is obligatory. Since the concentration of the research was mainly on industrial and other professional fields wherein aggression management programs are conducted, the stress of the same in mental health area is minimal although the authors made a mention that many of the AMPs did not address psychological aspects. (Gerry Farrell, Katrina Cubit, 2005) Some of the greatest challenges of nursing staff with the dementia patients are the personality and behavior changes that often occur. The nurses are given training to meet these challenges by using creativity, flexibility, patience and compassion. Before thinking of the decision to use physical restraints on the dementia patients so that treatment can take its smooth course, it is obligatory on the part of attending nurses to tactfully handle the troubling behavior of the patients. Trying to change the person

Spirituality 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Spirituality 3 - Essay Example The following is a brief summary of the assessment. It was noted that the patient admitted to being affected by her relationship with God due to her illness. She has not been able to do things related to spirituality effectively as a result of her illness. She relates her devastation in her relationship with her family and friends as they consider her an outcast in the community. From the assessment it was observed that the kind of ailment she was suffering was considered to infect someone who went against the culture of the community. The patient had a desire to make up with children who have since been separated from her for three months of her ordeal. She reiterated that she wish to profess her love for her children. It is apparent that the conflicts are likely to affect the medical situation where the patient is likely to die faster than anticipated. Besides, she preferred to speak to her chaplain before she passed on, which is a request she made to the nurses to help her soul rest in peace. The major challenge in conducting the assessment was behind the fact that the patient was emotional at some point. She blamed everyone in the society for her current situation, her family members for abandoning her and God for letting things happen the way they are. It was not easy to complete the entire assessment. In future, I intend to change the line and formatting of the questions in away to avoid build up of emotions among the patients (Clark, Drain & Malone, 2003). Besides, I failed to take into considerations that this patient had reached a point of believing that God is not in control and hence He is a mean super being who lets His people suffer. Through the assessment I learnt some few vital lessons. One of the significant things I learnt was spirituality is essential to some patients while other patients who tend to be pagans in nature it might not help a lot. Moreover, it is one of

Display screen Essay Example for Free

Display screen Essay A monitor can be considered as a window into the computers memory. It allows data entry to be checked by echoing input characters on the screen. The disadvantage of monitors is that data on the screen is temporary (called softcopy) and they can hold only limited amount of data. Quality Factor Resolution Resolution defines sharpness and clarity of an image and is specified as the number of dots per character. Modern packages are using a lot of graphics and therefore require high-resolution monitors. Display Adaptors Adaptors are cards installed in motherboard to control a monitor. The following specifications were evolving over the years:   Hercules mono   Colour Graphics Adaptor (CGA) low quality   Enhanced Graphics Adaptor (EGA) medium quality   Video Graphics Array (VGA and Super VGA) high quality   Extended Graphics Array (XGA) successor of SVGA, has the power to handle the video and animation requirements of the modern multimedia packages and games Bit Mapping Technique For monochrome displays, only one bit of memory is required for each pixel. If it is set to 1, the pixel is illuminated. If the corresponding memory location contains 0, the pixel is left dark. A binary representation in RAM The equivalent screen representation Figure 1. Bitmapped representation of letter T coding in RAM and corresponding image on screen For colour monitors, more than one bit is required to keep information about a pixel because apart from illuminated or not setting, colour specification is also required. Monitors that are capable of displaying 16 colours only would require 4 bits of memory per pixel (16 = 24). Figure out how many bits of memory per pixel are required to give a choice of 512 colours? Thus the required size of visual memory depends on the number of pixels on the screen (resolution factor) and on the number of colours available. If you are buying a modern monitor which is bigger than 14, it is desirable to have at least 2 M of memory on the video card. Types of Monitors 1). Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Technology: A beam of electrons lights up pixels/dots on the screen Colour is achieved by combining Red/Green/Blue (RGB) of different intensities. Size: Size is measured diagonally (corner to corner). Today monitors are available in sizes 14, 15, 17, 21. But the monitor size doesnt tell anything about the maximum viewable image size. The bezel in front of every monitors CRT diminishes the viewable area by approximately an inch. When deciding on which monitor to buy, think of which resolution youll be working in most frequently. The higher the resolution, the bigger the monitor is required. Monitors usually display 25 lines 80 characters each in text mode. Standard Resolutions (in pixels) VGA 640 x 480 SVGA 800 x 600 XGA 1024 x 768 1280 x 1024 1600 x 1200 Some high-end monitors support these high resolutions. Designed for professional level work,1600 x 1280 e. g. computer-aided design or desktop publishing 1800 x 1440 Supported by at least one: ViewSonic P815 Mega An interlaced monitor draws its screen in two passes. First it draws every second line and then fills in the missing lines. Interlacing is noticeable because of flicking screen and can cause headaches. A non-interlaced monitor draws its screen in one pass. Another reason for a flicking screen is the frequency with which the monitor redraws its screen called refresh rate or vertical scan rate. The bottom line should be 75Hz so that flickering effect doesnt show up. Ensure that your monitor and graphics card can be synchronised to the same refresh rate. 2). LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) These displays are known as being used in calculators and watches. They have an advantage of being cheap but a disadvantage is that it is very hard to see what they display in the dark. They are used in laptops because they are flat. LCDs come as monochrome or colour. Monochrome LCD images usually appear as dark gray images on a grayish-white background. Color Liquid Crystal Displays use two basic techniques for producing color: passive matrix and active matrix. Passive matrix is the less expensive of the two technologies. It offers good contrast and viewing angle suitable for graphical user interfaces but its colors are not particularly sharp and it has slow reaction times. This is the most popular display used in notebook computers today. It consists of a grid of horizontal and vertical wires. At the intersection of each grid is an LCD element which constitutes a single pixel, either letting light through or blocking it. Active-matrix technology, also called thin film transistor (TFT), produces color images that are as sharp as traditional CRT displays at 1/8 the space, but the technology is expensive. For multimedia applications with video images the fast response time of TFT active matrix displays is ideal. For color active matrix provides individual color bits for each displays. An active-matrix display uses from one to four transistors to control each pixel. LCDs do not exaggerate actual viewing areas like regular monitors. For example, a 9. 4 LCD provides 9. 4 diagonal viewing area. This is the equivalent of an 11 CRT. Color LCD Comparison Chart Technology Contrast Ratio Response Viewing Angle Price Passive Matrix 20:1 300 ms Medium Medium Active Matrix 60:1 80 ms High High 3). Gas Plasma Gas-plasma display is a type of flat display screen, called a flat-panel display, used in some portable computers. Images on gas-plasma displays generally appear as orange objects on a black background. Although gas-plasma displays produce very sharp monochrome images, they require much more power than the more common LCD displays. Technology: A grid of conductors are sealed between two flat plates of glass; neon and/or argon gas fills the space between the plates. Comparison Of LCDs and Gas-Plasma Displays: Type Readability Battery Life Cost LCD Lowest Longest Lowest Gas plasma High Shortest.

Physics of the Lathe :: physics lathe wood

"How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a wood chuck could chuck wood?" An age old tongue twister that has never been answered. In this rhyme, the common assumption is that the woodchuck is a small furry groundhog like creature, but there is another kind of wood chuck that is not as common but could chuck wood. Here we will explore this path of answering this age old riddle. In the production of many wood products a common manufacturing tool known as a lathe is used, and to hold the wood in the lathe a chuck is used. In order to calculate the amount of wood a wood chuck can chuck we must first define how the wood will be chucked. When wood chucking the chuck will be spinning around the spindle and an attachment will be used that will act as a catcher that will be on the outer radius of the chuck. We will also be able to calculate the velocity of the wood leaving the chuck and the kinetic energy. Lathes & Chucks A LATHE is "a machine tool designed primarily to do turning, facing, and boring. Their versatility permits multiple operations to be done with a single setup of the workpiece. Consequently, the lathe is the most common machine tool." The lathe used to theoretically calculate the amount of wood that can be chucked is the TECHNO CNC WOOD LATHE. This lathe has a spindle speed rate from 500 to 2000 RPM, which will be used to calculate the amount of wood chucked. The Chuck is an attachment that is the most commonly used way to hold a workpiece on the lathe. It attaches to the spindle on the lathe and is spun by it at speeds up to 4000 RPM depending on the lathe. The chuck that will be used for our calculations will have an approximate mass of 4 kilograms and a diameter of 6 inches. Wood Chucking To calculate the amount of wood that is chucked, and the other properties of wood chucking, using the TECHNO CNC WOOD LATHE the following values and assumptions will be used: * The spindle speed of the lathe has a range of 500-2000 RPM * The diameter of the chuck is 6 in. approximately 15 cm. * A one kilogram block of wood made out of American Spruce with a density of .

Decision Analysis Study Guide Scheduling

this is the best study guide I could find. Just match the questions with the answers for the study guide. Chapter 15: Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following is true regarding forward scheduling? Forward scheduling is the scheduling of a. the end items or finished products b. jobs as soon as the requirements are known c. the start items or component parts d. the final operation first beginning with the due date Which of the following best describes how short-term schedules are prepared? Short-term schedules are prepared a. directly from the aggregate plans b. directly from the capacity plans c. rom inventory records for items that have been used up d. from master schedules which are derived from aggregate plans Which scheduling technique should be employed when due dates are important for a job order? a. forward scheduling b. loading c. dispatching d. backward scheduling e. master scheduling Which of the following is not an effectiveness criterion for scheduling? a. maxim izing flow time b. minimizing completion time c. minimizing WIP inventory d. maximizing utilization Forward scheduling a. begins with a delivery date, then each operation is offset one at a time, in reverse order b. s well suited where the supplier is usually able to meet precise delivery dates c. tends to minimize in-process inventory d. assumes that procurement of material and operations start as soon as requirements are known Which file contains important information regarding an item's flow through the shop? a. routing file b. work center master file c. control files d. item master file Which of these is not part of the planning files of a production planning and control system? a. a progress file b. a work center master file c. an item master file d. a routing file Which of the following files tracks work order progress? . work center master files b. routing files c. item master files d. control files 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The production database containing information about each of the components that a firm produces or purchases is the a. routing file b. work center master file c. control file d. item master file The short-term scheduling activity called loading a. assigns dates to specific jobs or operations steps b. specifies the order in which jobs should be done at each center c. assigns jobs to work centers d. assigns workers to jobs The assignment method is a. a method to highlight overloads in a given work center b. computerized method of determining appropriate tasks for an operation c. a form of linear programming for optimally assigning tasks or jobs to resources d. the same thing as the Gantt schedule chart A scheduling technique used to achieve optimum, one-to-one matching of tasks and resources is a. the assignment method b. Johnson's rule c. the CDS Algorithm d. the appointment method Which of the following is an aid used to monitor jobs in process? a. a Gantt load chart b. the assignment method c. a Gantt schedule chart d. Johnson's Rul e If an assignment problem consists of 6 workers and 7 projects, a. ne worker will not get a project assignment b. one worker will be assigned two projects c. each worker will contribute work toward the seventh project d. one project will not get a worker assigned Orders are processed in the sequence in which they arrive if (the) ______ rule sequences the jobs. a. earliest due date b. slack time remaining c. first come, first serve d. critical ratio 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Which of the following dispatching rules ordinarily gives the best results when the criterion is lowest time for completion of the full sequence of jobs? a. shortest processing time (SPT) b. critical ratio (CR) c. irst in, first out (FIFO) d. first come, first serve (FCFS) 17. Sequencing (or dispatching) a. assigns dates to specific jobs or operations steps b. assigns jobs to work centers c. specifies the order in which jobs should be done at each center d. assigns workers to jobs 18. Five jobs (A, B, C, D, E) are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due dates are given below. Using the shortest processing time dispatching rule, in which order should the jobs be processed? Job A B C D E a. b. c. d. Processing Time (days) 4 7 8 3 5 A, B, C, D, E C, E, A, D, B B, D, A, E, C D, A, E, B, C Job due date (days) 7 4 11 5 8 9. Five jobs are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due dates are given below. Using the earliest due date dispatching rule, in which order should the jobs be processed? Job A B C D E a. b. c. d. Processing Time (days) 4 2 8 3 5 C, E, A, D, B A, B, C, D, E B, D, A, E, C C, B, A, E, D Job due date (days) 7 4 11 5 8 20. Flow time represents the time a. an order spends waiting for processing at a work center b. an order spends being processed at a work center c. an order spends moving from one work center to another d. o complete an order, including time spent in processing and in waiting Which of the following dispatching rules tends to minimize job flow time? a. FCFS: first come, first served b. SPT: shortest processing time c. EDD: earliest due date d. LPT: longest processing time Average completion time for a schedule sequence at a work center is total a. processing time divided by the number of jobs b. flow time divided by total processing time c. flow time divided by the number of jobs d. processing time plus total late time divided by number of jobs Five welding jobs are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due dates are given below. Using the critical ratio dispatching rule, in which order should the jobs be processed? 21. 22. 23. Job A B C D E a. b. c. d. 24. Processing Time (days) 4 2 8 3 5 B, D, A, E, C C, D, A, B, E C, E, A, D, B E, B, A, D, C Job due date (days) 7 4 11 5 11 Which of the following dispatching rules allows easy updates? a. FCFS: first come, first served b. SPT: shortest processing time c. EDD: earliest due date d. CR: critical ratio The priority rule which processes jobs according to the smallest ratio of due date to processing time is: a. ritical ratio b. earliest due date c. first come, first serve d. longest processing time Which of the following is an advantage of the FCFS dispatching rule when used in services? a. FCFS seems fair to customers b. FCFS minimizes the average number of jobs in the system c. FCFS minimizes the average lateness of all jobs d. FCFS maximizes the number of jobs completed on time The most appropriate sequencin g rule to use if the goal is to dynamically track the progress of jobs and establish relative priority on a common basis is a. shortest processing time b. earliest due date c. critical ratio d. Johnson's rule Use of the sequencing rule Shortest Processing Time generally results in a. minimum average lateness b. maximum utilization c. maximum effectiveness d. minimum average flow time When a set of jobs must pass through two workstations whose sequence is fixed, ______ is the rule most commonly applied. a. Johnson's Rule b. earliest due date rule c. first come, first serve rule d. slack time remaining A recent advance in short-term scheduling that makes use of expert systems and simulation in solving dynamic scheduling problems is a. forward scheduling b. backward scheduling c. infinite scheduling 5. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. d. finite scheduling 31. Which of the following techniques does not contribute to increasing throughput at a bottleneck? a. schedule throughput to match capacity of the bottleneck b. increase capacity of constraint c. have cross-trained employees available to operate the constraint d. develop alternate routings An appliance manufacturer assembles icemakers in large batches. The operations manager would like to significantly reduce the batch size. What would you suggest? a. use the SPT rule b. use forward scheduling c. use finite scheduling d. develop level material use schedules 33. A firm wants to develop a level material use schedule based on the following data. What should be the setup cost? desired lot size: 60 annual demand: 40,000 holding cost: $20 per unit per year daily production rate: 320 # of work days per year: 250 a. b. c. d. 34. $0. 45 $4. 50 $45 $450 32. Factory X is trying to use level use scheduling. If their first target were to cut the current lot size in half, by what proportion must setup cost change? a. Setup cost must be cut to one-fourth its current value. b. Setup cost must also be cut in half from its current value. c. Setup cost must double from its current value. . Cannot be determined. Which of the following is true regarding services scheduling? a. The Critical Ratio sequencing rule is widely used for fairness to customers. b. The emphasis is on staffing levels, not materials. c. Reservation systems are often used a means of manipulating the supply of services. d. Labor use can be intensive, and labor demand is usually stable. c d c a c d c d b c b d 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. a a c d a d a d a a b 35. Chapter 15: Multiple Choice Answers 13. 1. b 14. 2. d 15. 3. d 16. 4. a 17. 5. d 18. 6. a 19. 7. a 20. 8. d 21. 9. d 22. 10. c 23. 11. c 24. 12. a

Determining Achievements in the Choice of School

Every parent wants what is best for their child. Though parents do not have control over everything in their child's development, education is one they do control. A person's education is one of the most important factors in determining whether or not they will become a productive member of society. Because education is so important, what kind of education is best? Whether or not a public or private school is best may be an issue worth addressing. The debate over which is better is a battle that has gone on since private schools were first introduced as an alternative. It seems most people are of the opinion that private schools are superior; the issue is simply if it is worth the money. However, this may not be the case. Therefore, how does one gauge the superiority of a school? This very difficult question has no easy answers. The most common and maybe the only way that researchers can rate and measure the effectiveness of a school is by measuring achievement. The American Heritage Dictionary seems to define achievement as â€Å"something that has been accomplished successfully, especially by means of exertion, skill, practice, or perseverance. This efinition is not exactly what researchers are speaking of when they refer to achievement. Though they all seem to define it slightly different, achievement is refered to as an improvement in overall academic excellence that did not exist before or outside the classroom. Many researchers used achievement tests and SAT scores in longitudinal studies for this measure. These reports seem to suggest that public schools seem to perform at equal levels with private schools. But are SAT scores and achievement tests all that are important to a school and what it can provide for children? This question cannot be addressed with these The fact that I was raised in a private environment seems to suggest that I may not be better off than my private counterparts. Since a young age, I have attended private schools. From Kindergarten through all four years of high school, I have been in home schooling with my other brothers and sisters. I was raised on the idea that private schools are better than public ones. My parents and most of my peers still believe this. I might still think this also but with much less fervor. After high school, I then went on to Meramac, my first public school. It was here that I learned, in that large and diverse environment, and from talking to my friends now at public colleges, that maybe the average public and private system are not so different. I am not saying that high school and college are comparable, they are not. Maybe just the idea that private schools provide a superior education is false. I seem to be getting the same if not better education where I am now, at Meramac, than I would at some private college. I am afraid to ask how much my parents have spent on my education. Would I be I the same place today had I gone to public schools, only having a more However, one must keep in mind that the issue over weather private schools are superior to public ones cannot be calculated for just myself or any other individual. The facts and data stated here are averages, not necessarily the best and most accurate information for all children. Also, not all public schools are the same and not all private schools are the same. Again, the results here are supposed to be averages of each. Many schools are not even addressed. Public magnet schools, independent schools, and special education schools, are some examples. Another thing to bear in mind is that there are many more public schools than here are private ones, thus skewing the data some. With that I mind, I have found six journals written on, or pertaining to, the subject of achievement and whether private or public does a better job of promoting it. However, all of these researchers did not just pick a hundred public students and a hundred private ones, test them, and then see who scored higher. Many variables must be taken into account to make the two groups as equal as possible. This logical step included the factoring out of variables such as economic backgrounds, gender, age, race, IQ, and others. By liminating or lessening these characteristics and others like them, more equivalent groups can be made, with a smaller chance of non school influences affecting score results. Before the mid 1970's, the issue of the better type of school had not been seriously addressed. This may be because most students enrolled in private schools were there primarily for religious reasons. This is why most private schools are Catholic. The Coleman report, released a before the 1980, began the battle that still continues to this day. Their conclusion stated that, after all the data was collected, and all the important ariables accounted for, private schools produce better achievement than their public counterparts. Shortly after this research became public, numerous studies have been documented as stating that their conclusion was false. Some of those studies shall be stated here. One of the first reports that confronted the Coleman report was released in 1981 by authors Goldberger and Cain. This study did nothing but address the validity of the report by Coleman, Hoffer, and Kilgore, which was a document that contained 233 pages + appendices. They found that â€Å"the method and nterpretations employed fall below the minimum standards of acceptability for social-scientific research†. Goldberger and Cain do not only disagree with the results that Coleman and his associates released but attack them with a fair amount of vemenance. Their research methods, or, their execution of the methods, are replete with flaws. The presentation of their style are one-sided — pro-private. It is as if they decided to write a brief for the proposition that society shift to the subsidization of private schools and away from the subsidization of public schools. Goldberger and Cain therefore, are not saying anything referring to which type of school is better. They are simply stating that the results shown by the Coleman report are not accurate, and therefore, there is simply no evidence suggesting that private is better. However, in 1983, Alexander and Pallas not only discredited the Coleman report but also did a study of their own. Though a little more discrete in their judgments, they again find the Coleman results flawed. They also address the fact that because most private schools are catholic, it would be wrong to generalize the private school data set by including all private schools. Instead they address the issue as a public-Catholic one. Attempting to correct the errors in the Coleman report, they do a study of their own. Using the NLS and HSB studies, they find that there is not a substantial difference in the results and that private schools are not better. They do however, point out their shortcomings; that â€Å"SAT scores are only available for those students who elected to sit for the test† and that the data are only sampled of sophomores and Another study that furthered the argument that public schools are just as good as private ones were one put out by Sassenreth and her colleagues. In 1983 they used a study that was already in progress, SOMPA, to analyze the correlation between the two. Though the study was extremely brief, by comparing IQ's of students already in the survey, they found that â€Å". . . the public schools are able to hold their own, despite having to enroll an student (good or bad) in their residential area and having to offer a wider range of courses†. With 49 public school students and 49 private school students matched by their IQ and with all outside variables taken into account, â€Å"private and public schooling has (on the average) about the same nfluence on academic achievement†. However they are also the only study reviewed which infer that the decision to select a private school might be for other reasons than achievement. Some of the more recent data no longer refers to the Coleman report, suggesting that it is either outdated or has been successfully discredited. In 1991 Gibbons and Bickel use three SAT data sets to compare public to private. Though SAT tests â€Å"were originally designed to measure aptitude rather than achievement† the authors feel that they are just as good a measuring tool as any. They again find that, once accounting or certain variables, â€Å"public high schools appear to perform better than private high schools, at least with Also in 1991 Rock and associates address the issue of trying to ascertain what promotes achievement. Though it does not specifically address the conflict of private versus public schools, it does seem to provide useful information concerning some of the variables addressed by previous researchers and why they were factored out. Before the following variables are accounted for, * Students from private independent schools perform considerably better on all test than students from Students in private independent schools are more likely than public or Catholic school students to be proficient at higher level math problem solving (private independent: 63 percent, public: 18 percent, Catholic: * Students from Catholic schools have higher mean scores I all tested areas (except higher-level math problem solving) then do public school students. Age, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, also play a significant role in a students performance. Their data seems to suggest however, that the differences in achievement among public schools and rivate schools seem to stem from variables that are not school related. But what about the things that researchers cannot prove. Many parents, especially those whose children are or have been in private schools, would argue that achievement is only part of the big picture. Lynn Stevens, a public school teacher, has three daughters. Though they all began in public schools, two of them attended private high school. Mrs. Stevens feels that her children received a better academic background in a private school but, due to the variety and larger size of a public school, she feels that they might have suffered. She feels that they might have been â€Å"more involved in a larger variety of things† in a public school. Jennifer and Meredith Stevens, Mrs. Stevens' older daughters, attended Marist, a high pressure, high achievement, private school. Therefore, because it is so competitive, Mrs. Stevens feels it inappropriate to call Marist an â€Å"average† private school,. However, upon discussion of the advantage of social diversity of a public school, Jennifer added that she â€Å"received a more positive influence at Marist† than she would have at Roswell. Jennifer also senses from her youngest sister, now attending public high chool, that there is almost pressure to not do well. Mrs. Stevens also feels that public schools, especially at the elementary level, cannot meet the demands of all the different ability levels present in the large classes. Private schools on the other hand, though not able to help each child as much as possible, can perform a much better job of this with their smaller class sizes. One argument against private schools is that they do not provide a â€Å"real world† type of atmosphere, and that this is a serious disadvantage when the child grows up. Mrs. Stevens feels that this does not necessarily matter. However, because of Amanda's greater opportunity to achieve amongst her peers at public school, Mrs. Stevens would not put her youngest daughter in Marist. Another reason, though not addressed in the interview, for her sending her daughters to private school is due to the religious influence that it provides, which is unavailable in public schools. Basically, it depends on the student, and what will be best for him or her. It seems that for the average student, private schools do not provide better achievement than do public. But what does achievement have to do with the big picture? Will higher SAT and achievement scores roduce a happier, more well rounded, positive, and more self confident youth? Probably not. Every child is unique and has their own strengths and weaknesses. The same things hold true with schools. Some private schools are poor just as many public schools are good. The decision whether private schools are worth the money is another issue. Again, it depends on one's own situation. Therefore, though achievement may be part of the decision making process, it should only be a small concern in a sea of other ones. It depends upon the child as to which concerns are large and which ones are small.

Group Assignment Example

Group Assignment Example Group Assignment – Coursework Example Outsourcing Healthcare Decision Outsourcing Healthcare Decision Freedom County decision on outsourcing or internal provision of healthcare is an important aspect of ensuring cost efficiency, quality provision, and meeting the 8th amendment requirement for prisoner’s safety and wellbeing. From the article, it is better to keep the healthcare function internally at the Freedom County jail and not outsource. The reasons include the inability of the private companies to provide the quality of service provided by the jail owing to differences in personnel tasked with meeting the needs of the employees. The nurses at the jail have first-hand knowledge of the pain of the prisoners, and they aim at providing the best service. Outsourcing would compromise this as explained by Grace Chaudhary, the director of corrections health in Freedom County. The low staffing levels, denial of basic services to inmates, and poor quality service that resulted in Corizon Health Inc. facing investigati on and censure depicts the risks of outsourcing hence internal provision isd better (Rosselli, March 1, 2015). The other reason for the internal provision of heath service at the jail is the compassion attached to the provision of service at the jail. The use of an example of a man who commits a crime after being offered a parole for a cancer sickness to have the chance to return to prison and receive the healthcare service depicts the compassion in service delivery at the jail that cannot be replicated by a private organization that is mostly after profits. Outsourcing will present a challenge to the security and safety of the patients in terms of the possibility of private companies having employees who may smuggle dangerous substances to the prisoners in the form of treatment. When there is a poor relationship between sheriffs and private healthcare personnel reaching, the prisoners will be a nightmare that could result in death or inefficiency. The success of outsourcing is anch ored on having a perfect relationship between sheriffs and healthcare personnel, which is hard to achieve. Outsourcing does not ensure efficient delivery of a saving of tax payer money owing to the profit motive off private companies in healthcare provision for prisoners (AFSCME, 2014).ReferencesAFSCME (2014). Opposing outsourcing in corrections. Retrieved on March 30, 2015 from afscme.org/members/conventions/resolutions-and-amendments/2014/resolutions/opposing-outsourcing-in-correctionsRosselli, S. (March 1, 2015). Outsourcing neglect: Corizon’s for-profit healthcare endangers prison inmates and workers. Retrieved on March 30, 2015 from sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/outsourcing-neglect-corizons-for-profit-healthcare-endangers-prison-inmates-and-workers/Content?oid=2921905

Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris Are the Toolbox Killers

Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris Are the Toolbox Killers In late October 1979, California authorities were busy hunting down and capturing The Hillside Strangler, Angelo Buono. In the meantime, two more barbaric killers had teamed up to fulfill a prison time fantasy - to kidnap, rape, torture and kill a girl for each teenage year. For two months, the duo hunted roads and beaches, looking for victims who  matched their demented fantasy. They almost met their goal, killing five young girls, ages ranging between 13 to 18. This is their story. Bittaker and Norris Meet In 1978, Lawrence Sigmund Bittaker, age 38, and Roy L. Norris, age 30, met while in the California State Prison at San Luis Obispo. Norris was labeled as a mentally disordered sex offender and previously spent four years at a state mental institution. Once released, he raped again and returned to prison. Bittaker spent most of his adult life behind bars for various offenses. As their friendship grew, so did their fantasies of raping and murdering teenage girls. The Murder Mack After their release from prison, they paired up, transformed Bittakers 1977 GMC van into what they nicknamed, Murder Mack, and began their kidnap, torture and killing spree of young girls. As is characteristic of psychopaths, the pain inflicted on their victims grew more vicious with each new captive. Cindy Schaeffer On June 24, 1979, in Redondo Beach, Cindy Schaeffer, age 16, was walking to her grandmother’s house after attending a church program. Bittaker and Norris pulled up next to her in the Murder Mack and tried to entice her to go for a ride. Her attempts to ignore the two failed. She was forced into the van and taken to a pre-selected spot in the mountains. There she was tortured and denied her requests to pray before the two beat and strangled her to death with wire coat hangers. Andrea Hall On July 8, 1979, the duo went hunting for their second victim and found 18-year-old Andrea Hall hitchhiking on the Pacific Coast Highway. With Bittaker hiding in the back, Norris stopped and offered Hall a ride. Within minutes after she entered the van, Bittaker attacked, raped and took pictures of her bound and in fear. As if playing a game, Bittaker then asked why she should be allowed to live. Not liking her answer, he stabbed her in the ear with an ice pick and choked her to death. Jackie Gilliam and Jacqueline Lamp On Sept.  3, 1979, the murderous pair picked up their youngest victims from a bus stop at Hermosa Beach. Jackie Gilliam, 15, and Jacqueline Lamp, 13, were kidnapped and taken to the mountain location where they were raped and tortured for two days. As with Hall, both girls were stabbed in each ear with an ice pick, their small bodies viciously attacked with vice grips, then strangled to death with coat hangers tightened with pliers. Lynette Ledford The killers last known victim was killed on Oct. 31, 1979. Sixteen-year-old Lynette Ledford was kidnapped and her body mutilated. The young girl was stabbed numerous times, and with pliers, Bittaker ripped at her body. During her torture, her screams and pleas were tape-recorded as Bittaker repeatedly beat the young girls elbows with a sledgehammer, all the time demanding that she not stop screaming. In the end, the pair strangled her with a coat hanger. For fun the pair decided to leave Ledfords brutalized corpse on the lawn of a suburban home in Hermosa Beach, just to see the reaction of the media. The Hillside Strangler, Angelo Buono, had been caught just a few days before the discovery of Lynette Ledfords body, although authorities were not swayed into identifying her killer as Buono. Captured Norris was the murderous pairs downfall. He bragged to an old prison friend about his crime spree. The friend tipped off police, and the story sounded much like that of the victim, Shirley Sanders. On September 30, Shirley Sanders managed to escape from two men who used chemical mace on her, then raped her inside a van. Police interviewed her again, this time armed with pictures, and Sanders was able to identify the van and Norris and Bittaker as her attackers. Norris Points the Finger at Bittaker The two were arrested for unrelated crimes and held without bail for violating their probations. During an interrogation, Norris began admitting details about the pairs murderous activities, and he pointed the finger at Bittaker for being the one who killed their victims. 500 Photos - 19 Missing Girls Norris worked out a deal with authorities in exchange for his testimony against Bittaker, as well as showing police where they hid the bodies of their victims. Overall, police found over 500 photos of teenaged girls, 19 of which were listed as missing. But Norris clammed up and would only tell investigators what happened to five of the 19 missing girls. The Sentencing During Bittakers and Norris trial, the disturbing pictures of their crimes and the tape-recording of Lynette Ledfords final painful hours were shared with the jury. The impact was substantial. Bittaker was sentenced to death, and the judge included an extra 199-year life sentence just in case his death sentence was ever commuted to life. Norris was given 45 years to life for his cooperation in the investigation. In 2009, Norris was denied parole for an additional 10 years. Sources Couples Who Kill by Carol Anne Davis

Choose a topic that you can argue about with passion Essay

Choose a topic that you can argue about with passion - Essay Example Facial expressions play a very important role in communication. If a person feels that the other person is not feeling good to hear certain things from him by reading the other person’s facial expressions, the first person feels like changing his point in an attempt to please the second person whereas in the communication through computers, the first person is able to convey his true thoughts as there are no disturbing facial expressions to be noticed along the way. The person is able to speak his mind out because the feeling that he is actually talking to a human being is a bit suppressed as compared to the face-to-face communication. Overall, use of computers for communication enhances an individual’s tendency to speak to others. It is a psychological phenomenon in which the person discovers his hidden oratory power and interpersonal skills with the passage of time while practicing in front of the screen. Friends made online in the virtual world are often life-long friends in the real

Building Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Building Code - Essay Example These are further defined in the following: 1. Exit access - refers to the part of the means of egress system that leads to an exit from any occupied portion of a building or structure. Halls, corridors, aisles and other paths which can be traversed for escape can serve as exit access. 2. Exit - refers to the part of the means of egress system separated from other interior spaces of buildings by fire-resistance rated construction and equipments as required to provide a protective path between the exit access and the exit discharge. This includes exit exteriors and passageways, exterior exit doors at ground level, stairs and ramps and horizontal exits. Building codes specifies several items of concern in the means of egress system and requires those concerned to comply with the requirements such as illumination of signs, minimum sizes of doors, stairs, ramps and the amount of time it takes to travel from the exit access to the exit discharge.