Chemical Reactions- Sodium Hydroxide - 1555 Words

Chemical Reactions- Sodium Hydroxide A chemical reaction is a change where two or more substances are changed into a new substance. You can identify a chemical reaction by colour change, effervescence (bubbles), when light or heat given off, and the change is usually irreversible. There are 6 main types of chemical reactions- combustion (often called burning), synthesis, decomposition, neutralization, single replacement and double replacement. A combustion reaction is a reaction with oxygen, and heat is evolved (given off). A common example of combustion is Hydrogen +Oxygen= Water Synthesis is a reaction where two or more substances combine to make a compound. An example of a synthesis reaction is Iron + Oxygen = Iron Oxide†¦show more content†¦The sodium oxide is then mixed with water to produce sodium hydroxide. Na2O + H2O = 2NaOH Nicolas LeBlanc, who found out a way to produce an alkali from sea salt, discovered the LeBlanc process. Another way to make sodium hydroxide is by adding lime (general term for various minerals where carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of calcium predominate ) to natron (a mineral salt mainly with the mixture of sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate ) . This is also a synthesis reaction, as it combines 2 simple substances and makes one complex substance. Lime + natron = sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide is very important in the industrial, commercial and biological world. In the industrial world, it is used for the textile industry, making paper, making soap and making detergent. In the textile industry, sodium hydroxide is used for scouring the material before weaving. In the paper industry, sodium hydroxide breaks down the lignin in wood, to free the fibres that can be turned into paper. The soap and detergent industries use sodium hydroxide to make soap by the saponification (the reaction of a metallic alkali base with fat or oil to make soap ) process. Saponification is a traditional process used by the Arabs in the 7th century, and it is still used today. In the commercial world, sodium hydroxide is used to prepare food. For example, German pretzels are dipped in a sodium hydroxideShow MoreRelatedPrac Report-Precipitation785 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurs when two aqueous (soluble solids) solutions are combined and the reaction forms an insoluble solid. When in soluble solids are formed the process is known as a precipitation. An insoluble solid is a solid that cannot dissolve unlike a soluble solid. Therefore only insoluble solids can form precipitates. In the following experiment six solutions were mixed with each other (groups of twos) in test tubes to test which reaction will result in an insoluble solid. See method for more detail. 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This report is about how to standardize a Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution by titrating it with pure sample of Potassium acid Phthalate (KHC8H4O4). This experiment has two sections. The first section is to standardize the Sodium Hydroxide by titration. Three sample of 0.7 – 0.9 g of solid KHP are place into each of the three numbered Erlenmeyer flasks. 50 ml of distilled water are added to each three of it from graduated cylinder and constantly shake it until the KHP solution are completely

Is Ethics Promoted By Human Resource Management Affects...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the manner in which ethics promoted by human resource management affects the operations of an organization. The human resource management is responsible for implementing the accepted behavior of the stakeholders to ensure that the company runs smoothly. The company is dependent on the human resource in maintaining and promoting ethical behaviors as it has the responsibility of educating, training and communicating the behavior of the stakeholders. This paper clarifies the manner in which the human resource management engages in various operative activities for instance protecting the company from infringing the set laws and regulations through practicing unethical behaviors. It is very easy for the human resource management to implement a code of ethics through the established policies of the company that establishes the ethical behavior and helps in governing the daily activities of the organization. It is evident that promoting ethics yields more benefits to the organization as for instance the employees are motivated thereby increasing the productivity of the company. The theoretical consideration on ethics in business focuses on the ecological as well as social responsibilities of a company within a community as ethics are regarded an important aspect in the external self-presentation and the perception of the organization in economic terms (Kà ¶ster, 2002). The relationship between human resource management and ethics has beenShow MoreRelatedLeadership, Trustworthiness And Ethical Stewardship1832 Words   |  7 Pagespeople to achieve organisational goals willingly. Leaders are supposed to create harmony between the workforce and management so that win-win situation can be created. It is a challenge for the leaders to play this role successfully and they can be accused of any partiality or favouritism by either management or the employees. In order to effectively win the trust of organisational management and the team members, the leaders adopt the role of steward and focus on the ethical conduct. Since it is impossibleRead MoreOffice Management Principles Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesOffice Management Principles Office management is administrative work that deals with controlling, handling and maintaining all the activities and work in an office. This may involve a small or a big organization. The major objective of office management is to ensure that an organization attains its goals and objectives. The office manager is an individual who is concerned with planning, organizing and controlling all aspects of management that are within the office of an organization (Buhler, 2008)Read MoreCostco Wholesale Is A Retail Warehouse Club With 698 Stores1613 Words   |  7 Pagesover 170 million club members worldwide (Costco Wholesale, n.d.). 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The classical 1909 theory was proposed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, which explained that improving management is based on the efficiency and productivity of the employees. ThisRead MoreCross Cultural Management Research6745 Words   |  27 PagesIntroduction Management in any corporation requires a strong management plan and involves diversity or one type or another. Organizations that become multinational corporations have an even greater challenge. These multinational corporations have to take into consideration factors such national cultures and subcultures, religious beliefs and traditions, labor laws, and local regulation. These are only a minute number of diversity issues a multinational corporation will face. This paper will highlight

Advantages Of CLassical Music Essay Example For Students

Advantages Of CLassical Music Essay Throughout history there have been several genres of music. It is an important aspect of every culture, helping to define and shape it across the globe. Varieties range from Hip-Hop to RB, Country, Gospel, and several others. One type of music that has produced countless numbers of classics is, Classical music. Classical music is a great choice for anyone who enjoys a mellower, relaxed sound. It has been known to soothe the soul, help concentration, and give a pleasant feeling to its listeners. The belief that classical music soothes the soul can be proven true through several instances. The first is, unlike Rock or Rap music which are both theoretically a somewhat harsher sound, Classical music produces a relaxing melody. It also has a harmony that is unguarded of in contemporary Rock music, not to mention other genres. Another circumstance in which Classical music is used to soothe the soul is on the phone lines. When a company places one on hold, the music being played on the other end of the line is more than likely Classical. This is not a coincidence. The music choice is made due to the fact that it relaxes the listener, creating a greater hence that he will remain on the line. Another belief is that Classical music aids in concentration. I have had several teachers throughout my life who strongly believe that listening to Classical music while studying greatly improves their odds of retaining knowledge. The harmony and soft sound that are produced through Classical music help null all outside noises and distractions, allowing one to concentrate more on the task at hand. It is also a given that it is easier to focus when listening to a softer, mellower sound than a loud sharp Jose which is often related to genres like Rap or Rock. The last belief is that Classical music is pleasant to listen to. The previous two beliefs alone should prove that it is pleasant to the mind. If that is not enough there are, indeed, several more examples of how classical music is pleasant to listen to. Classical music is strictly instrumental and lacks any vocals whatsoever. Much remains to be interpreted. This leaves a great amount of meaning to be found in the imagination of the listener. The music can mean anything to anyone and something impolitely different to the person in the next seat. That is the beauty of Classical music and one of the reasons it is so pleasant to the mind. Despite all the positives of Classical music, its popularity has oddly enough decreased in the past few decades. The emergence of Rock and Roll and more recently Rap music has left it on the back burner. Classical music will always remain a large part of musics past and hopefully present and future. It is an enjoyable, relaxing, and soothing genre that should be praised for generations. Advantages Of CLassical Music By Expressway Contributor

Criminal Mythology Produces a Distorted View of Reality

Criminal mythology is a belief of what crime is, and what causes crime. The concept evaluates the qualification of an act as a crime. In addition, it also analyses the causes of crime, and the common belief about the real reasons behind crime. While some people propose that crime is a natural phenomenon, others believe that it is an action initiated through free will.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Mythology Produces a Distorted View of Reality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, some of the myths support a theory that the criminal mind is a result of social orientation, and can be corrected through appropriate measures (Lombroso et al, 2006). The society regards many criminals with contempt. Consequently, the society rejects and condemns a criminal for the crime he or she has committed. The perspective of the society is that crime is not a rational act since the circumstance of the even t of a crime is not evaluated. In fact, most of the common myths about the criminal mind are misguided by tradition and the values of culture in the particular society in question. For a criminal, there is a substantial reason behind every action that he or she does. Either the crime is a result of rational evaluation of the circumstances that the criminal faces or the criminal has an abnormal approach of evaluating situations (Young, 1996). Sometimes, people claim that a person who commits crime acts in the direction that avoids direct confrontation with the predicament of the circumstances. In this case, an act of crime that has been committed once is not likely to be repeated, since the probability of the circumstances of the crime recurring are minimal. In a different perspective, one may choose to see the crime for what it is. In this essence, a person who has committed a crime is guilty of the offence and is subject to some corrective measures to prevent the crime from happeni ng again in the particular society. Even when the circumstances of the crime are convincing from the perspective of the evaluator, the criminal remains guilty of the gravity of the entire action done. It is considered that the criminal has the mind to commit the crime before the event itself. This myth assumes that there is always an alternative way to deal with a situation. In this regard, the criminal should take a course that does not aggravate the law. Crime is considered a result of the state of mind, and not the circumstances. Thus, the person behind an act of crime is liable for the event of crime.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Serial murders, among other crimes, are subject to superstition in most societies around the world. Serial murder, in the understanding of the contemporary society, is the killing of more than two people by one killer within a relatively short time. The reason behind murders committed by serial murderers is not physical. It is widely accepted that serial murderers kill for psychological reasons. One reason is that the murderer seeks to satisfy an intense urge to take a life, and the second reason is that the murderer has some mental defect, which makes him or her result to a violent reaction to some kind of aggravation. Although modern explanations of the reasons behind serial murders are relatively accurate, there is disagreement between experts of psychology over the cause of the mental disturbances behind murders. Serial murder is a crime that has been subject to association with paranormal activities more than any other offence (Warner, 1999). When successive murders occurred in a society in ancient times, people sought to explain the murders through superstition. Accounts of demons being the culprits behind murders were common in ancient times. Superstitions continued to evolve with time, and were applied in all societies until the beginning of twentieth century. Today, most of the ancient myths about murders have been discarded, but people have resulted to forging other unrealistic explanations of the force behind crime. Some crimes have been explained by the society in a bizarre way. Several myths about crime have existed for a long time in history. Vampires are believed to be degenerated forms of human beings who commit murder, and feast on human flesh and blood. This myth proposes that murderous criminals are vampires. This means that some form of demonic spirits possess the criminals. The demons are the reason behind crime according to this myth. The legend of the vampires originated in Europe. Vampires are believed to be possessed forms of the dead people who have led evil lives. In some cases, vampires are considered reincarnations of people who had a reputation of witchcraft. This belief dates back to the thirteenth century.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Myth ology Produces a Distorted View of Reality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Historians believe that the myth is a distortion of accounts of pagan worship early into the millennium. The belief in vampires led to people accusing vampires of murders in mysterious crimes. During the nineteenth century, the myths about the vampires had spread such that the influence on people resulted to execution of those they thought were vampires, or exhibited such behaviour (Summers, 2003). This myth ignores the reality and the circumstances in which the crime was committed. It is an easier way to explain a crime, rather than accept that another individual is behind the heinous act. When a crime was committed, people would assume that a vampire was behind the crime. The grievous act was usually murder. This is because people believed that the vampire needed to feed on the blood of the victims. The residents of a neighbourhood would then go to a graveya rd to perform some rituals to identify the vampire. Once a grave was identified, the corpse would be exhumed and examined for signs of vampire activity. When the guilty corpse was identified, people would then perform rituals on it to kill the vampire spirit in it. These kinds of interpretations of crimes avoided the reality and the real criminals continued to live free. Serial murders were the most common crime associated with myths. This crime was associated with monsters with supernatural power more than any other crime. Perhaps this is because of the gravity and mysterious nature of serial murders. People wanted to find an answer to the mysteries. Werewolves are other mythical creatures thought to be capable of committing crime. Werewolves are mythical humanlike creatures with the ability to switch their appearance between a human figure and a wolf figure. According to myths, a person became a werewolf through a bite from another werewolf, or through a spell that was cast on a h uman being. The myth of the werewolves appeared in Europe in the nineteenth century. However, it is thought that the myth was forged out of another ancient Greek myth. The myth supposes that a person was changed into a wolf by a god after committing murder. Werewolves were believed to have long fingernails, and fed on human remains. These mythical creatures were accused of murders in Europe. Often, people would be accused of being werewolves, and committing a grievous crime. These people would then be cut to examine if they had fur in their flesh. Punishment would be administered to people for being werewolves without seeking to establish the real criminal behind a crime.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other treatments such as forced conversion to Christianity were the most potent ways of dealing with werewolves according to beliefs. Serial murders would be attributed to werewolves, which had the speed and the strength beyond any human capability (Donnell, 1996). The two myths discussed above represent common ancient myths about crime. Although the two myths are not common in today’s society, they are similar concerning contemporary beliefs about crime. The myths are used to escape reality. Human beings seek solution for every event that they observe. Failure to get a logical explanation regarding a crime may lead to people blaming supernatural creatures with powers beyond our capabilities (Samenow, 2012). This effectively puts a case of a crime to rest since there are no efforts put towards trying to solve the crime. When a society has deep beliefs in such myths, it is difficult to objectively investigate a crime, and result to an appropriate reaction. In 1888, a string of murders occurred in a poor region in London city. These murders were of similar characteristics and were thought to have been perpetrated by one person. However, the assumption that a single killer committed the murders was a result of the attention that the media directed towards the incidents. The popular belief led to the christening of the killer as â€Å"Jack the ripper†. In addition, the murders were brutal, and whoever committed the murder exhibited signs of mental defects. This is because the murders were committed by slitting of the throats of the victims. In some cases, the corpses were found without some parts and organs. At one point during the height of publicity of the incident in the media, a letter purported to be from the killer, claiming responsibility, was sent to the authorities. Authorities could not establish whether the letter came from the murderer. Police suspected that the letter came from a person who wanted to escalate publicity of the incidents. The victims of the murders in London were prostitute women in a slum settlement. Moreover, the inhabitants of the slum were of various ethnic backgrounds. Persistent economic strain and the racial tension that prevailed within the community in the area could be the cause of the murders according to authorities. Not all murders of the London city could be associated to one killer by the authorities. However, five of the murders had a similar pattern. All the same, the police could not effectively deny that one person had committed over twelve murders due to lack of proof. In one incident, a victim claimed to have been attacked by a gang of three and not one person. However, the media associated the murder with the serial killer. The media played a big role in making the murders appear heroic. The media portrayed the serial killer as a defiant force that could not be apprehended (Eddleston, 2001). Due to glorification of the ability of the murderer to evade police, the killer was asso ciated with mythical supernatural power. However, the police associated the murders with racial tension or and occultism. The murders in London portray events of extreme and brutal violence. Mysterious supernatural powers could not be the killer behind the murders. One of the reasons that point objectively towards crime is the fact that the corpses of the victims were missing body parts in most of the incidences. It is only in one case in which the victim was not severely mutilated. However, signs of an interrupted mutilation session were evident. While the media portrayed the killer as a hero, the reality is that the murders were brutal crimes committed by a person or people with a motive. The loss of organs in most of the bodies supports this fact. According to the nature of the murders, they seemed to be premeditated actions. In all multiracial communities, racial tension is common. In extreme occurrences, members of a certain community commit gruesome murders. An example of such murders is the London incidents. Most of conflicts between communities result in grievous violence and even murder. For example, the black race has been associated with crime especially in areas where it is the minority. In countries were racial segregation has been a norm in recent history, conflict between races is more intense. It is true that some races have a high tendency of crime than others. However, the significantly higher rate of crime among members of these races is not directly associated with the unique physical characteristics of the particular race. Extreme deprivation of material resources and racial oppression is the major reason why some races have a higher crime rate. For example, the black race in America has exhibited high crime rate among its members for quite a long time. People of other racial descents associate this phenomenon with the nature of the black race. The race is portrayed as naturally evil, and ready to commit crime at any time given the right e nvironment (Adams, 2010). This is a typical myth around the world, where the black people are stereotyped as criminals. The proponents of the myth ignore the plight of black people over centuries. Black people established as minority race in countries where they were sold as slaves throughout the first and the second millennia AD. It is not until late twentieth century, the black people were recognised as an equal race among other supposedly superior races. The deprivation of resources, and the segregation that prevailed prior to the middle of the twentieth century, pressured members of the black race to engage in criminal activities. Poverty and psychological torture elicited violent reaction from members of the black race over time (Friedman, 2004). Due to the continued social oppression of members of the black race, racial tension has arisen between the races such that given an opportunity, a black person is likely to do harm to a member of any other major race. This phenomenon i s common among members of all minority communities. In the United States, all minority communities who have experienced political, social, or economic deprivation have a higher tendency to commit crime (Winerman, 2004). Association of minority races with crime is a contemporary myth concerning the likelihood of a person to commit a crime. While the statistical figures supporting association of racial differences and variation in crime are true, the reason behind the differences is often a myth. References Adams, A. (2010, February 9). The Effect of Race and Crime Type on Perceived Guilt. The Effect of Race and Crime Type on Perceived Guilt. Web. Donnell, E. (1996). Werewolves. Royston: Oracle. Eddleston, J. J. (2001). Jack the Ripper: an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Abc. Friedman, L. (2004, May 6). Professor Tackles Myths About Crime In America. Stanford News ServiceLAW . Retrieved from https://news.stanford.edu/pr/94/940101Arc4530.html Lombroso, C., Gibson, M., Rafter, N. H. (2006). Criminal man. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Samenow, S. (2012, February 3). The Basic Myths About Criminals : Inside the Criminal Mind. eNotAlone: relationship advice and articles. Retrieved from https://www.enotalone.com/ Summers, M. (2003). The vampire in Europe (New ed.). London: Kegan Paul International. Winerman, L. (2004, July 5). Psychological sleuths–Criminal profiling: the reality behind the myth. American Psychological Association (APA). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug04/criminal Warner, M. (1999). No go the bogeyman: scaring, lulling, and making mock. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. Young, A. (1996). Imagining crime: textual outlaws and criminal conversations. London: Sage. This essay on Criminal Mythology Produces a Distorted View of Reality was written and submitted by user Haylee Michael to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History of lacrosse with Native Americans and includes modern facts

History of lacrosse with Native Americans and includes modern facts Lacrosse SpeechThe sport of lacrosse was established by North American Indians even before Europeans explored America. Played by tribes all over the United States and Canada, the game was played for religious purposes, to train young men for war, and to resolve disputes between rival tribes. Though some settlers attempted to play with the Native Americans, the lack of rules and overwhelming skill of the Indians deterred the playability of the game. Lacrosse has evolved since then, the sticks, equipment, and rules becoming more modernized.The name lacrosse is French, derived from a bishop's staff-like crosier, which is "La Crosse" in French. French explorers gave lacrosse its name when observing it being played by various tribes. Lacrosse incorporates a blend of the games of hockey, basketball, soccer, and football. The Native American form of lacrosse is significantly different from the game played today, mainly because of a lack of rules."Ball players" painted by George Catlin, illu strat...Teams were comprised of hundreds, and sometimes thousands of men and boys, and the field would be a half mile long. Also, the game was much more physical; players would literally wrestle for control of the ball.The object of the game of lacrosse is to throw the ball into the opponents net, giving the scoring team a point; the team with the most points at the end of the game wins. The universal rule of lacrosse has always been that no one may touch the ball with his hands. The ball is controlled by holding it in the net of the lacrosse stick.Older versions of sticks vary based on the region where the game was played. Some tribes played with two short, two-foot long sticks, one per hand, which had a net strung within an open circle at the end of each stick. The net used...

INTERNATIONAL_BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

INTERNATIONAL_BUSINESS - Essay Example Companies investing in foreign markets are ultimately inhibited by the underlying antipathy of the local firms and dearth of local traditions and norms awareness thus suffer constraints owing to their alien status. There are already many established foreign firms that have apparently penetrated the market hence will offer ready competition but also provide us with an insight of the market strength. Peng et al (2009) through their integrated global trade model propose two approaches in discerning global industry frameworks. These are the institution-based outlook in which overseas enterprise corporations concentrate on studying the domestic trade situation; and the resource-based outlook whereby the corporation uses its customary competitive advantages like advanced equipment or merchandise to add a toehold in the domestic markets. China as one of the top growth emergent markets offer a vastly developed latent platform for establishing an global market to cater for the many foreign travellers including investors and tourists in addition to the local traders. This will provide the firm a viable entry point into the nascent ASEAN regional market for ABC PLC. According to Porter (2009), a firm’s external competitive advantage is mostly dependent on location of the business. He observes that even with the advent of globalisation the cost of doing business in China has appreciated due to high energy and other logistical expenses. Beizhong (2009) cites three criterion used by firms intending to venture into foreign markets. These include â€Å"the competitive ability in the international market, the competitive advantages and competitive risks† (Pg.2). International development will enhance our hotel chain growth by cushioning the current economic recession in our other ventures with the sustained grow th always prevalent in China. The marketing model to be followed will be as outlined in Bothma (2008)

The future of London Heathrow Airport Literature review

The future of London Heathrow Airport - Literature review Example Development of the motorway network and railway network increased accessibility of London to rest of cities of the country (Rodrigue 2013). London was made the focus for of all these networks. London became the main focus for international air travellers during the days of the war. London was surrounded by four airports, and Heathrow alone was used for handling of two thirds of air traffic. In times of rapid growth in 1960s transport planners reached a new approach of transport planning. Proposal was the expansion of Stansted airport, but due to strong opposition from people this plan was left uncompleted. Both, government and GLC, have supported the trends of transport planning, which have been not only considered inevitable but also desirable (Adams 1981). Atkin et al., (2009) focused on the departure system of the London Heathrow airport and founded that if the delay time for the aircraft awaiting take-off and running engines would result into a less usage of fuel as well as pollution benefits. They pointed out various constraints, applied to take off the schedules. Some physical changes at the airport can eliminate the impacts of constraints and increase the capacity for departure systems. Heathrow airport completed the 5th terminal in 2008 and second phase in year 2011. Expansion of airport too encompassed the refurbishment of terminals such as terminal 1, 3 and 4. A new air control traffic tower and terminal 5 stations were installed. Expansion also included the tunnels for the extension of Piccadilly line, Heathrow express and spur road from the M25. Air control tower was installed on the Heathrow airport in 2007, which presented the unobstructed view (Kable Intelligence System 2014). Cecil (2013) reported that Heathrow would be the fourth runway with a million of flights in a year. Expansion of Heathrow airport would result into a leading aviation Hub of Europe. However, development